东北黑土区侵蚀沟普查结果实测验证

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.06.010

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摘要通过典型区侵蚀沟实地测量，对2013年国家公布的基于遥感解译的东北黑土区沟蚀普查结果进行验证，为黑土区沟蚀危害评价和防治提供科学依据。选取沟蚀严重的450 km²的漫川漫岗黑土区为实测调查区域，采取人工实地判断并系统测量侵蚀沟立体形态特征参数、记录侵蚀沟背景信息，将实测结果与所在区域国家普查公告结果比对分析。结果表明：1）基于普查设定的沟长100~5 000 m的条件，与实测结果比较，调查区普查侵蚀沟数量准确率为72.1%；包括235条长度<100 m和13条主干沟的实测侵蚀沟总数为1 044条，实测侵蚀沟数量是普查的574条的近1倍。2）调查区沟蚀强度被低估接近1/2，以沟壑密度计，普查为0.78 km/km²，实测为1.16 km/km²；以沟谷面积比计，普查为1.44%，实测为3.38%，沟蚀强度差一个等级。3）普查结果的实测验证表明不同类型的侵蚀沟数量存在显著差异，主要是由于普查DEM分辨率较低和部分沟道信息从卫星影像上较难获取。4）通过对侵蚀沟形态指标进行相关性分析，发现面积-体积拟合程度最好，R²=0.936。调查区沟蚀现状无论是数量还是沟蚀强度均要较2013年国家公告的普查结果大，侵蚀沟多为耕地中的中小型沟，多处在发育阶段，相对易于治理。

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关键词 ：土壤普查, 侵蚀沟, 遥感, GIS, 东北黑土区

Abstract：[Background] A field survey of gully erosion in a typical black soil region was conducted to verify the results from remote sensing interpretation announced by Chinese government in 2013, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and prevention of gully erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China.[Methods] A rolling hilly region of 450 km² with severe gully erosion was selected as the field survey area of this study. The land use, geographic coordinates and morphological parameters of gullies were measured to be compared and analyzed with the results of the national census announcement in this study region.[Results] The remote sensing interpretation only focused on the gullies with length of 100-5 000 m. Our results showed that the gully number (1 044) obtained by field survey including the gullies of <100 m in length (235) and main gully channels (13) was nearly double that (574) from remote sensing interpretation, indicating the accuracy rate of the number of gullies confirmed by remote sensing interpretation was 72.1% in the survey area. The gully density obtained by remote sensing interpretation was 0.78 km/km² that was close to half of that (1.2 km/km²) by field survey. The gully area by remote sensing interpretation and field survey was 1.44% and 2.45%, respectively, implying that the remote sensing interpretation underestimated the gully intensity by one class according to the national classification standard of gully erosion intensity. The lower quantity of different types of gullies obtained by remote sensing interpretation than field survey was mainly due to the low-resolution DEM and the difficulty of obtaining some gully information from satellite images. The gully volume had the optimal relation with gully area (R²=0.936).[Conculsions] Overall, both number of gullies and intensity of gully erosion in the survey area are higher than the results announced by government in 2013. The most gullies are small and medium-sized gullies developed in cultivated lands, which are mostly in the development stage and are relatively easy to manage.

Key words： general detailed soil survey gully erosion remote sensing GIS the black soil region of Northeast China

收稿日期: 2020-10-12

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家重点研发项目"东北黑土区侵蚀沟生态修复关键技术研发与集成示范"（2017YFC0504200）；黑龙江省级资助项目"侵蚀沟秸秆填埋复垦技术"（GX18B051）；国家自然科学基金"黑土农田垄体地表径流汇集与输沙过程研究"（41701313）

通讯作者: 张兴义(1966-),男,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:zhangxy@iga.ac.cn E-mail: zhangxy@iga.ac.cn

作者简介: 丁超(1996-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:环境工程。E-mail:dingchao@iga.ac.cn

引用本文:

丁超, 张晟旻, 胡伟, 严月, 祁志, 韩兴, 张兴义. 东北黑土区侵蚀沟普查结果实测验证[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(6): 77-85.
DING Chao, ZHANG Shengmin, HU Wei, YAN Yue, QI Zhi, HAN Xing, ZHANG Xingyi. Field validation of gully survey of national census for soil conservation in the black soil region of Northeast China. SSWC, 2021, 19(6): 77-85.

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