土壤不同孔隙度对川西典型植被系统水源涵养的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023.01.003

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摘要水源涵养是生态系统的重要服务功能之一，目前水源涵养的评估体系及方法还未统一，且不同方法评估的结果差异很大。以川西米亚罗林区为例，通过测定和计算典型植被地上部分的水源含养量，以及其土壤的不同孔隙度来评估其水源涵养总量。结果表明：1）不同植被下，土壤的总孔隙度差异不是很明显，但毛管和非毛管孔隙度差异明显；2）不同植被地上部分涵养水量+土壤总孔隙储水量，各植被类型涵养量差异不明显。针叶林和桦木林的涵养量最大，而混交林的最低；不同植被地上部分涵养水量+非毛管孔隙储水量，各植被类型涵养量差异很明显。针叶林的涵养量最大，而草甸的最低；但就不同植被的地上部分涵养水量+毛管孔隙储水量而言，草甸的最大，而针叶林的最低。植被系统地上部分涵养水量+其土壤毛管孔隙储水量，能较科学和准确评估植被系统的水源涵养量。

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	汪璇
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关键词 ：水源涵养, 土壤孔隙度, 土壤水分特征曲线, 植被系统, 评估

Abstract：[Background] Water conservation is one of the important services of the ecosystem, it is closely related to vegetation type and its coverage, litter composition and its quantity, soil layer thickness and soil physical properties, and is a result of the synergistic action of vegetation and soil. But there is no unified standard method to assess its capabilities, and the quantified results of the different methods vary greatly.[Methods] Therefore, taking the Miyaluo forest area of western Sichuan as an example, the total water conservation volume were determined by measuring and calculating the aboveground water retention capacity of typical vegetation and the different porosity constants of its soil. The water conservation capacity of vegetation was determined by water immersion, and the soil porosity constants were determined by soil core samples.[Results] Results showed that the aboveground water conservation capacity of mixed forest was the maximum with the amount of over 100 t/hm², and then the rank order of the capacity was artificial forest>alpine rhododendron shrub forest>birch forest>coniferous forest>meadow> alpine oak shrub forest > alpine willow shrub forest, which indicates that increasing biodiversity can improve water conservation capacity. The rank order of soil total porosity of different vegetation was coniferous forest> birch forest > meadows > alpine rhododendron shrub forest > artificial forest > alpine willow shrub forest > alpine oak shrub forest > mixed forest. The water conservation capacity within the soils in the study area accounted for more than 90% of the total water conservation capacity, which was consistent with the results of the existing studies. The rank order of soil dehydration rate of different vegetation types was arbor forest> shrub forest> meadows. The difference of soil total porosity was not obvious under different vegetation, but the porosity of capillary and non-capillary were significantly different; the volume of aboveground water conservation of vegetation + water quantity of soil total porosity were not significantly different among various vegetation types, and coniferous and birch forest had the maximum, while mingled forest had the minimum; the volume of aboveground water conservation of vegetation+water quantity of soil non-capillary porosity were significantly different among various vegetation types, and coniferous-forest had the maximum, while meadow had the minimum; but there was opposite trend for the volume of aboveground water conservation of vegetation + water quantity of soil capillary,which was in accord with the results of InVEST model.[Conculsions] The current study suggests that the volume of aboveground water conservation of vegetation in vegetation system + water quantity of its soil capillary porosity is scientific and accurate for assessment the water-holding function of the ecosystem, and improving soil water conservation capacity is the key to enhance the water holding capacity of vegetation system.

Key words： water conservation soil porosity soil moisture characteristic curve vegetation system assessment

收稿日期: 2021-09-06

PACS:

S714.7

基金资助:四川省重大科技专项"川西亚高山退化生态系统水源涵养功能提升技术与示范"（2018SZDZX0031）；四川省重点研发项目"防止水体富营养化的紫色土坡耕地施肥的限量值及增效技术"（2021YFN0010）

通讯作者: 刘刚才(1967-),男,研究员。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:liugc@imde.ac.cn E-mail: liugc@imde.ac.cn

作者简介: 汪璇(1998-),女,博士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:wangxuan19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

引用本文:

汪璇, 杜树汉, 邓利梅, 朱万泽, 刘刚才. 土壤不同孔隙度对川西典型植被系统水源涵养的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2023, 21(1): 19-28.
WANG Xuan, DU Shuhan, DENG Limei, ZHU Wanze, LIU Gangcai. Effects of different soil porosity on the water conservation of typical vegetation system in western Sichuan. SSWC, 2023, 21(1): 19-28.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023.01.003 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2023/V21/I1/19

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