Erosion and sediment particle sorting characteristics of sand-covered loess slope during thawing period
SU Yuanyi1,2, ZHANG Yang3, YANG Zhi4, LI Peng1,2, LI Zhanbin1,2, WANG Tian1,2, ZHANG Naichang5
1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048, Xi'an, China; 2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, 710048, Xi'an, China; 3. Agriculture Rural and Water Bureau, Administration Committee of Xi'an International Trade & Logistics Park, 710026, Xi'an, China; 4. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station, 750002, Yinchuan, China; 5. Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, 710065, Xi'an, China
Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion in the wind water erosion crisscross zone of the Loess Plateau in spring thawing period is usually the result of water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion. However, the problem of soil erosion caused by joint action is far more than the harm of single action erosion itself. The superposition of different erosion types will lead to great changes in soil erosion.[Methods]In order to explore the influence of thawing water erosion on sand-covered loess slopes during the thawing period, 4 types of non-frozen bare slope (U0), non-frozen sand-covered slope (U1), frozen-soil bare slope (F0), and frozen-soil sand-covered slope(F1) were selected. The slope surface (with a thickness of 1 cm of sand cover) was the research object. A 2 m long slope surface and a flow rate of 1 L/min were designed to conduct an indoor water discharge scour test in order to understand the slope erosion process and the separation characteristics of sediment particles.[Results]1) The initial runoff generation time of the frozen-soil slopes (F0 and F1) was significantly shorter than that of the non-frozen slopes (U0 and U1), and the initial runoff generation time of the sand-covered slopes (U1 and F1) was significantly later than that of the bare slopes (U0 and F0).2) The average runoff and sediment yield rates of each slope were U0 < U1 < F0 < F1, and U0 < U1 < F0 < F1. The average runoff and sediment yield rates of U0 were significantly different from those of U1, F0 and F1 (P<0.05). 3) The average value of mean weight diameter (MWD) of sediment particles on each slope was as follows:Loess substrate < F0 < U0 < F1 < U1 < Sandy soil substrate. During the experiment, MWD of the bare slopes fluctuated little with the extension of runoff generation time, and MWD of the sand-covered slope increased and decreased significantly in two processes. Under the condition of erosion, sand and coarse silt were more easily carried away by runoff, and sand was more easily eroded on the sand-covered slopes, while coarse silt was more easily eroded on the bare slopes.[Conclusions]Sand cover on slope results in the delay of the initial runoff generation time, and the delay effect is more obvious with the increase of sediment cover thickness. Froze soil will significantly reduce the initial runoff generation time on the slope. Froze soil will break large soil particles, resulting in the increase of fine particles on the slope.
张攀,姚文艺,刘国彬,等.土壤复合侵蚀研究进展与展望[J]. 农业工程学报,2019,35(24):154. ZHANG Pan,YAO Wenyi,LIU Guobin,et al. Research progress and prospects of complex soil erosion[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2019,35(24):154.
[2]
CHANG Enhao,LI Peng,LI Zhanbin,et al. Using water isotopes to analyze water uptake during vegetation succession on abandoned cropland on the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Catena,2019(181):104095.
[3]
刘佳,范昊明,周丽丽,等.春季解冻期降雨对黑土坡面侵蚀影响研究[J]. 水土保持学报,2009,23(4):64. LIU Jia,FAN Haoming,ZHOU Lili,et al.Study on effects of rainfall in the spring thaw period on black soil slope erosion[J]. Journal of soil and water conservation,2009,23(4):64.
[4]
张洋,张辉,李占斌,等. 不同降雨强度下黄土区冻土坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系[J]. 农业工程学报,2018,34(11):136. ZHANG Yang,ZHANG Hui,LI Zhanbin,et al. Process of runoff and sediment yield andrelationship between water and sand of frozen soil slope in loess area under different rainfall intensities[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(11):136.
[5]
李占斌,李社新,任宗萍,等. 冻融作用对坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):56. LI Zhanbin,LI Shexin,REN Zongping,et al. Effects of freezing-thawing on hillslope erosion process[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(5):56.
[6]
MA Qianhong,ZHANG Keli,Jabro J D,et al. Freeze-thaw cycles effects on soil physical properties under different degraded conditions in Northeast China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2019,78(10):321.
[7]
汤珊珊,李占斌,任宗萍,等.覆沙坡面产流产沙过程试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报,2015,29(5):25. TANG Shanshan,LI Zhanbin,REN Zongping,et al.Experimental study on the process of runoff and sediment yield on sand-covered slope[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(5):25.
[8]
任宗萍,苏远逸,李鹏,等. 覆沙坡面径流冲刷试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报,2018,32(3):29. REN Zongping,SU Yuanyi,LI Peng,et al.Runoff scouring experiment on sand-covered slope[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(3):29.
[9]
WANG Ling,SHI Zhihua,WANG Jian,et al. Rainfall kinetic energy controlling erosion processes and sediment sorting on steep hillslopes:A case study of clay loam soil from the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2014,512(512):168.
[10]
蒋芳市,黄炎和,林金石,等. 坡度和雨强对崩岗崩积体侵蚀泥沙颗粒特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):974. JIANG Fangshi,HUANG Yanhe,LIN Jinshi,et al.Effects of slope gradient and rainfall intensity on particle size composition of erosion sediment from colluvial deposits of Benggang[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(5):974.
[11]
汤珊珊,李鹏,任宗萍,等. 模拟降雨下覆沙坡面侵蚀颗粒特征研究[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):39. TANG Shanshan,LI Peng,REN Zongping,et al.Particle size composition of sediment from sand-covered slope under simulated rainfall[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(1):39.
[12]
张辉,李鹏,鲁克新,等.冻融作用对坡面侵蚀及泥沙颗粒分选的影响[J]. 土壤学报,2017,54(4):836. ZHANG Hui,LI Peng,LU Kexin,et al.Effects of freezing and thawing on soil erosion and sediment particle size fractionation[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(4):836.
[13]
HENRY H A L.Soil freeze-thaw cycle experiments:Trends,methodological weaknesses and suggested improvements[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2007,39(5):977.
[14]
范昊明,张瑞芳,周丽丽,等. 气候变化对东北黑土冻融作用与冻融侵蚀发生的影响分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(6):48. FAN Haoming,ZHANG Ruifang,ZHOU Lili,et al.Impact of climate change on freeze-thaw function and freeze-thaw erosion in black soil region of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(6):48.
[15]
郑粉莉,唐克丽,周佩华. 坡耕地细沟侵蚀影响因素的研究[J]. 土壤学报,1989,26(2):109. ZHENG Fenli,TANG Keli,ZHOU Peihua.Study on factors affecting rill erosi on oncultivated slope land[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1989,26(2):109.
[16]
ASSOULINE S, BENH M. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing[J]. Catena,2006,66(3):211.
[17]
汤珊珊,高海东,李占斌,等. 坡面覆沙后侵蚀泥沙颗粒分选特性[J]. 农业工程学报,2017,33(2):133. TANG Shanshan,GAO Haidong,LI Zhanbin,et al.Characteristics of particle separation of erosion sediment in slop surface covered with sand[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(2):133.
[18]
覃超,何超,郑粉莉,等. 黄土坡面细沟沟头溯源侵蚀的量化研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2018,34(6):160. QIN Chao,HE Chao,ZHENG Fenli,et al.Quantitative research of rill head advancing process on loessial hillslope[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(6):160.
[19]
苏远逸,李鹏,任宗萍,等. 植被空间配置对凸型坡侵蚀及泥沙颗粒分选的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2020,34(4):145. SU Yuanyi,LI Peng,REN Zongping,et al. Effects of vegetation spatial position on convex slope erosion and sediment particle size fractionation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,34(4):145.
[20]
郑然,李栋梁,蒋元春. 全球变暖背景下青藏高原气温变化的新特征[J]. 高原气象,2015,34(6):1531. ZHENG Ran,LI Dongliang,JIANG Yuanchun. New characteristics of temperature change over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on the background of global warming[J].Plateau Meteorology,2015,34(6):1531.
2023, Vol. 21 
