Influence of fingerprinting properties and estimation models on sediment source discrimination via composite fingerprinting approach
ZHANG Jiaqiong1,2, YIN Minfeng1, LIU Ying1, DANG Zhen2,3, BAI Ruru1, SHANG Yueting1, YANG Mingyi1,2,4
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; 2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China; 4. CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Abstract：[Background] The composite fingerprinting approach has been developed as one of the most important methods in sediment and contaminant source study, change tracing in erosional environment, and integrated management improvement of watersheds. Fingerprints and contribution estimation models are key aspects affecting the accuracy of sediment source identification, which further influence the tracing reliability of correlated contaminant source and erosional environment change, as well as the development of watershed management strategies. Thus, it is significant to understanding the impact of fingerprints and estimation models on sediment source. [Methods] This study summarizes research progress on the screening methods of fingerprints, selection of estimation models, and correction of key factors in models to clarify their impacts on the accurate identification of sediment sources using the composite fingerprinting approach. [Results] The selection of an optimal composite fingerprinting group or multiple composite fingerprinting groups had a significant impact on sediment source identification, which was also the case for the selection of different types of models. This was because fingerprints not only linked soil in source areas and deposited sediment, but also provided the basis for the selection of estimation models. Studies conducted in the same region suggested that sediment contribution from the same source varied up to 18.0% and 14.2%, respectively, when adopting different composite fingerprints selection methods and contribution estimation models. Thus, future research must enhance system study of the approach, and focus on solving the issue that previous studies lacked reliable validation of sediment source estimation using the composite fingerprinting approach through other reliable methods. It is urgent to obtain reliable and precise sediment source quantification data through scientific experiments using multiple techniques. Based on these precise verification data, further studies should first check and confirm the primary uncertainty sources affecting sediment source discrimination; second, select better fingerprints screening method; and third, improve contribution estimation models and algorithms of the key factors. [Conclusions] The ultimate objective is to improve the composite fingerprinting approach, and establish a normative methodology for the accurate quantification of sediment sources to serve the reasonable design of soil water conservation measures.
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2022, Vol. 20 
