黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带迎风坡水蚀影响的风蚀特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.05.006

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摘要黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带受水蚀和风蚀的影响，土壤侵蚀强烈，明确风水交错侵蚀特征与机理对该区域土壤侵蚀的科学防治具有重要意义。针对前人对径流方向与风向相反的交错侵蚀研究不足的现状，采用室内模拟降雨与风洞试验相结合的方法，以仅风蚀试验为对照，分析砂黄土迎风坡受水蚀影响的风蚀速率及风蚀在水-风侵蚀总量中的比例等，阐明受前期水蚀影响的风蚀特征。结果表明：1）前期水蚀对后期风蚀有极显著（P<0.01）的抑制作用。9、12和15 m/s风速下，水蚀后的风蚀速率较仅风蚀平均减小90.8%、94.3%和95.8%；2）风蚀速率明显受前期水蚀试验条件的影响，相同风速条件下，前期水蚀的降雨强度和坡度大则后期风蚀速率也大；3）相较于风蚀在仅水蚀与仅风蚀侵蚀总量中的比例，风蚀在水-风侵蚀总量中的比例始终更低，9、12和15 m/s风速下，风蚀在水-风侵蚀总量中的比例较风蚀在仅水蚀与仅风蚀侵蚀总量中的比例最大减少52%、65%和68%。前期水蚀明显抑制后期风蚀的主要原因包括水蚀改变了地表形态和地表形成的物理结皮。

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	殷敏峰
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	童博雅
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关键词 ：风-水交错侵蚀, 风蚀速率, 模拟降雨试验, 风洞试验, 迎风坡面

Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion is severe in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau attributed to the combining effects of water and wind erosion. It is of significance to clarify the characteristics and mechanism of wind-water erosion for the scientific control of soil erosion in this region. Previous studies had focused more on the erosion of the wind erosion followed by water erosion, while the erosion of the water erosion followed by wind erosion is weak, especially the study under condition of opposite direction of wind and runoff.[Methods] This study analyzed the wind erosion characteristics affected by foregone rainfall under condition of opposite directions of wind and runoff using indoor artificial rainfall simulation and wind tunnel experiments. The rainfall experiments were set up with two rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm/h) and three rainfall slopes (5°,10° and 15°), and the wind tunnel experiments were set up with three wind speeds (9,12 and 15 m/s), which were all conducted after the rainfall, and an additional experiment without rainfall and only blowing wind was set up as a control. Then wind erosion rates influenced by forgone water erosion were analyzed, and the proportion of wind erosion in total wind-water erosion were compared with erosion rates caused by wind only.[Results] 1) Water erosion significantly inhibited consequent wind erosion (P<0.01). Compared to wind erosion only, the wind erosion rates at 9, 12 and 15 m/s averagely decreased by 90.8%, 94.3% and 95.8%, respectively, impacting by earlier water erosion. 2) The wind erosion rates obviously affected by the earlier water erosion. The wind erosion rates were larger when rainfall intensity and slope was larger in earlier water erosion experiments for wind erosion experiments at the same wind velocity. 3) Compared to the proportion of wind erosion in the sum of water erosion and wind erosion, the proportion of wind erosion in the wind-water erosion was always lower. The decrease proportion of wind erosion in the wind-water erosion reached 52%, 65% and 68% at 9,12 and 15 m/s compared to the proportion of wind erosion in the sum of water erosion and wind erosion.[Conclusions] The primary reason for the obvious inhibition of water erosion to subsequent wind erosion is from following two aspects:one is water erosion changes the surface morphology, and the other is water erosion formed soil crust. This study illustrates the effects of water erosion on wind erosion, and the results enrich the study of wind-water erosion, which helps to formulate scientific measures in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau.

Key words： wind-water alternate erosion wind erosion rate simulated rainfall simulation wind tunnel experiment windward slope

收稿日期: 2021-12-04

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"复合指纹识别泥沙来源的精准判别研究"（42077068），"淤地坝赋存信息解译黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀特征演变及驱动机制"（41671281）

通讯作者: 张加琼(1984—),女,副研究员,博士生导师。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀。E-mail:jqzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn E-mail: jqzhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn

作者简介: 殷敏峰(1998—),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀。E-mail:yinmf1998@nwafu.edu.cn

引用本文:

殷敏峰, 邸明婷, 邓鑫欣, 王涵宇, 尹子鸣, 童博雅, 张加琼. 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带迎风坡水蚀影响的风蚀特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(5): 39-46.
YIN Minfeng, DI Mingting, DENG Xinxin, WANG Hanyu, YIN Ziming, TONG Boya, ZHANG Jiaqiong. Wind erosion characteristics on windward slopes affected by water erosion in wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2022, 20(5): 39-46.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.05.006 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I5/39

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