水土保持措施对黑土坡耕地产流产沙的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.04.004

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摘要以黑龙江省克山县粮食沟小流域径流观测场6种水土保持措施为研究对象,分析各典型坡度下不同水土保持措施对黑土坡耕地产流产沙、产流产沙减少率的影响,及不同坡度条件下,相同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地产流产沙的影响。结果表明:3°坡等高耕作措施比顺坡垄作、裸地相比径流量减少率分别为95.34%和96.35%;土壤流失量分别减少95.49%和97.42%;5°坡地埂植物带措施与顺坡垄作、裸地相比径流量减少率分别为86.74%和89.49%;土壤流失量分别减少93.04%和96.34%。8°坡水平梯田与顺坡垄作、裸地相比径流量减少率分别为55.63%和72.57%;土壤流失量分别减少47.71%和85.00%。3°、5°、8°坡度顺坡垄作小区与裸地小区相比径流量减少率分别为18.3%、21.7%和38.2%;土壤流失量减少率分别为42.9%、47.5%和63.9%。表明自然降雨条件下,等高耕作、地埂植物带及水平梯田水土保持措施的布设,显著减少了产流次数,降低了径流量。

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关键词 ：水土保持措施, 黑土坡耕地, 产流, 产沙

Abstract：[Background] The main causes of soil and water loss of sloping farmland in northeast black soil region are the concentration of rainfall and low vegetation coverage on gentle and long slopes of sloping farmland. Therefore, it is an important measure to protect soil and water by effectively preventing and controlling sediment production on slope surface. In this paper, Liangshigou watershed in Keshan county, Heilongjiang province, located in the core area of black soil, was selected as the research object. Under the condition of natural rainfall, we studied the images of runoff and sediment yield of different slope farmland by different water conservation measures, aiming to provide reference for the management of slope farmland in this region. [Methods] Method of runoff plot was used, i.e., in 3°, 5°, and 8° slope respectively, a total of 18 runoff plots with soil and water conservation measures of slope, contour tillage, ridge plant zone, horizontal terrace, ridge tillage, and bare land were set up. While runoff generated after rain, steel ruler was used to measure the water depths inside the branch barrel and collecting barrel, the runoff was calculated, sediment mixture samples were taken from sampling bottles, then were filtered, dried, weighed indoor, and finally sediment concentration was calculated. [Results] 1) The reduction rates of runoff under 3°slope contour tillage were 95.34% and 96.35%, respectively, compared with ridge tillage and bare land. Soil loss decreased by 95.49% and 97.42, respectively. 2) Compared with ridge tillage and bare land, the reduction rate of runoff by plant belt measures on 5° slope land was 86.74% and 89.49%, respectively. Soil loss decreased by 93.04% and 96.34%, respectively. 3) The reduction rates of runoff in 8° slope horizontal terraces were 55.63% and 72.57%, respectively, compared with ridge tillage and bare land. Soil loss decreased by 47.71% and 85.00%, respectively. Compared with bare land, the runoff reduction rates of 3°, 5° and 8° ridge plots were 18.3%, 21.7% and 38.2%, respectively. [Conculsions] It shows that under natural rainfall conditions, the arrangement of soil and water conservation measures such as contour tillage, ridge plant belt and horizontal terraced field significantly reduced the times of runoff and volume of runoff. It provides foundation support for slope farmland management in northeast black soil region.

Key words： soil and water conservation measures black sloping farmland runoff generation sediment yield

收稿日期: 2021-11-30

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:黑龙江省自然基金项目"黑土区切沟变化特征对融雪侵蚀的响应"(LH2020D018)

作者简介: 侯淑艳(1980—),女,博士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:水土保持。E-mail:houshuyan2007@126.com

引用本文:

侯淑艳, 刘绪军, 刘建新, 杨亚娟, 张凯, 刘刚. 水土保持措施对黑土坡耕地产流产沙的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(4): 26-33.
HOU Shuyan, LIU Xujun, LIU Jianxin, YANG Yajuan, ZHANG Kai, LIU Gang. Effects of soil and water conservation measures on the runoff and sediment yield in black sloping farmland. SSWC, 2022, 20(4): 26-33.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.04.004 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I4/26

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