双河—磨南德水源林自然保护区地貌特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.04.004

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摘要探究双河-磨南德水源林自然保护区地貌结构和演化特征，为该保护区防治水土流失、优化土地利用结构、规划生态环境等提供地貌学依据，为滇中其他类似保护区及水源地开展地貌特征研究提供方法参考。在ArcGIS平台上基于ALOS DEM数据对海拔、起伏度、坡度、坡向、面积-高程积分值、地形剖面等地貌参数进行分析。保护区海拔1 930~2 552 m，平均2 105 m；地形起伏度0~622 m，平均212 m；坡度0°~61.5°，平均15.4°；阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡、阴坡的占比分别为26.45%、24.67%、24.81%、23.06%；面积-高程积分值0.220~0.538，平均0.374；层状地貌发育，有三级剥蚀面和一级堆积地貌面，海拔分别为2 520、2 350、2 200和1 930 m。保护区以小起伏亚高山（50.21%）、中海拔和亚高海拔丘陵（46.88%）为主；山地、丘陵与盆地相间分布；以缓坡（38.87%）和斜坡（32.73%）为主，各类坡向占比较均匀，在23%~26%之间；地貌演化处于壮年晚期阶段，地表动力过程和土壤侵蚀较强烈。

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关键词 ：基本地貌类型, 坡度, 坡向, 面积-高程积分值, 地形剖面, 双河磨南德水源林自然保护区

Abstract：[Background] Shuanghe-Monande Water Source Nature Reserve (following abbreviated as the Nature Reserve) is the most important urban concentrated drinking and emergency water source in Anning city. There are a large number of scattering villages and arable land. Historically, intense human activities have caused severe soil erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply analyze the geomorphic causes of this process in order to provide scientific and geomorphological basis in the prevention and control of soil erosion, optimization of land use structure, and planning of the ecological environment in this area, and also to provide methodological references for the study of geomorphological characteristics in other similar protected areas and water sources in central Yunnan.[Methods] Based on the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) DEM data on the ArcGIS platform, the Natural Reserve's altitude, relief, slope, aspect, topographic profile and other geomorphic parameters were analyzed; meanwhile, the Natural Reserve was divided into 32 sub basins, and the hypsometric integral (HI) and hypsometric curve (HC) of each sub basin were calculated.[Results] 1) The altitude of the Natural Reserve is 1 930-2 522 m, the average is (2 105±113) m, the topographic relief is 0-622 m, the average is (212±113) m, mainly small undulating mountains (50.22%) and hills (46.88%), the basic landform types are small undulations subalpine (50.21%) is the predominant, followed by sub-high-elevation hills (25.85%) and medium-elevation hills (21.03%). 2) The slope is 0° -61.5°, with an average of (15.4±8.6)°, with gentle slopes (38.87%) as the main, followed by slopes (32.73%) and steep gentle slopes (15.76%), and all types of slopes accounted for 23%-26%. 3) Three-level denuded surfaces are developed in the Natural Reserve, with altitudes of 2 520, 2 350, and 2 200 m respectively. There are more than 30 intermountain basins formed between the mountains and hills, accounting for 16.5% of the total area, with various genetic types. 4) The HI is between 0.220-0.538, with an average of 0.374, and the geomorphological evolution is mainly in the late stage of prime.[Conclusions] The unique spatial pattern of landforms and rich habitat types are not only an important support for biodiversity in the Natural Reserve, but also the basis for the formation of the spatial configuration of land use types. Mountain hills and basins in the Natural Reserve are alternately distributed, with small undulating sub-alpine, mid-elevation, sub-high-elevation hills and gentle slopes as the main geomorphological structure. It is a root cause of the Natural Reserve with many villages and cultivated land, human activities are strong, and the conservation function is generally weak.

Key words： basic landform type slope aspect hypsometric integral topography profile Shuanghe Monande Water Source Forest Nature Reserve

收稿日期: 2019-01-16

PACS:

P94

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"森林植被影响岩溶水源地产流功能的观测研究"(41262013)

通讯作者: 王平(1965-),男,硕士,副教授。主要研究方向:区域自然地理。E-mail:ynwangping@163.com E-mail: ynwangping@163.com

作者简介: 丁智强(1993-),男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:保护地可持续发展。E-mail:zhiqiang_ding9303@163.com

引用本文:

丁智强, 王平, 李玉辉, 庞云海. 双河—磨南德水源林自然保护区地貌特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(4): 34-43.
DING Zhiqiang, WANG Ping, LI Yuhui, PANG Yunhai. Geomorphological characteristics of Shuanghe-Monande Water Source Forest Nature Reserve. SSWC, 2021, 19(4): 34-43.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021.04.004 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2021/V19/I4/34

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