2022年冬奥会崇礼赛区针叶林枯落物及土壤水文效应

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.04.005

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摘要河北张家口崇礼区作为2022年冬奥会举办地，滑道的修建会对林区地表植被造成影响，准确评估林地枯落物层及土壤层水文效应，可为冬奥会场地建设对森林水文功能影响提供数据支撑。以崇礼区和平林场为研究地，选取当地主要的华北落叶松、油松和樟子松3种人工针叶纯林为研究对象，采用浸泡法和环刀法分别测定枯落物水文和土壤层水文效应。结果表明：1）枯落物总蓄积量最大为华北落叶松林（23.98 t/hm²）；华北落叶松林和油松林半分解层的蓄积量大于未分解层，樟子松林则相反。2）枯落物最大持水量、有效拦蓄量和最大持水率均为华北落叶松林最大，分别为2.15 t/hm²、1.72 t/hm²、632.95%；枯落物持水量与持水时间呈对数关系，枯落物吸水速率与持水时间呈幂函数关系。3）土壤密度樟子松林最大（1.23 g/cm³），华北落叶松林最小（1.01 g/cm³）；土壤总孔隙度华北落叶松林最大（62.22%），油松林最小（43.47%）。4）土壤入渗速率与时间呈明显的幂函数关系。5）林地总持水能力排序为：华北落叶松林（923.93 t/hm²） > 樟子松林（744.38 t/hm²） > 油松林（655.19 t/hm²），土壤层的持水能力占99%以上。综合研究发现华北落叶松林涵养水源能力最优，油松林林涵养水源能力最差，土壤层在持水能力方面占据主导地位，研究结果可为评估冬奥会场地建设对针叶林林地水文功能影响提供参数估计和数据支持。

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	郭建军
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关键词 ：针叶林, 枯落物水文效应, 土壤水文效应, 崇礼区

Abstract：[Background] Chongli district, Zhangjiakou, Hebei province, is the venue for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, and the construction of the slide may seriously influence the vegetation of the forest area. Accurate assessment of the hydrological effects of litter and soil layer in the coniferous forest may provide data support for the impact of the construction of the Winter Olympic Games venue on the hydrological function of the forest.[Methods] Three artificial pure forests of Larix principis-rupprechtii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica were selected to investigate the hydrological effects of litter and soil at Heping Forest Farm in Chongli district. Soaking and cutting ring methods were used to measure the hydrological effect of litter and soil layers, respectively.[Results] 1) The largest litter accumulation was 23.98 t/hm² in L. principis-rupprechtii. The accumulation amount of the semi-decomposed layer were higher than that of the undecomposed layer in L. principis-rupprechtii and P. tabulaeformis, while contrary result was found in P. sylvestris var. mongolica. 2) The maximum water-holding capacity, effective interception capacity and maximum water-holding rate of the litter were the largest in L. principis-rupprechtii, which were 2.15, 1.72 t/hm² and 632.95%, respectively. It showed a logarithmic relation between the water-holding capacity and water-holding time, and a power function relationship between litter water-absorbing rate and water-holding time. 3) The largest and smallest soil bulk density were 1.23 and 1.01 g/cm³ in P. sylvestris var. mongolica and L. principis-rupprechtii, respectively. While the largest and smallest total porosity of soil was 62.22% and 43.47% in L. principis-rupprechtii and P. tabulaeformis, respectively. Soil infiltration rate increased with infiltration time as a power function. 4)The sort of total water-holding capacity of the forest land was L. principis-rupprechtii (923.93 t/hm²) > P. sylvestris var. mongolica (744.38 t/hm²) > P. tabulaeformis (655.19 t/hm²).The water-holding capacity of the soil layer accounted for more than 99% of the total water holding capacity.[Conclusions] Our results reveal that the largest and least water conservation capacity are the L. principis-rupprechtii and P. tabulaeformis forests. The findings can provide parameters assessment and data support for evaluating the impact of Winter Olympics site construction on hydrological function of coniferous forests.

Key words： coniferous forest litter hydrological effect soil hydrological effect Chongli district

收稿日期: 2020-06-22

PACS:

S714.7

基金资助:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子课题"关键支流清水河水环境保护与防治技术集成与示范"(2015ZX07203-005-02)

通讯作者: 杨新兵(1978-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:水土保持,森林生态。E-mail:yangxinbing2001@126.com E-mail: yangxinbing2001@126.com

作者简介: 郭建军(1976-),男,硕士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:林业资源管理。E-mail:768018175@qq.com

引用本文:

郭建军, 王佳欢, 胡静霞, 杨新兵. 2022年冬奥会崇礼赛区针叶林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(4): 44-50.
GUO Jianjun, WANG Jiahuan, HU Jingxia, YANG Xinbing. Hydrological effects of litter and soil for the coniferous forest in the Chongli district for 2022 Olympic Winter Games,Hebei province. SSWC, 2021, 19(4): 44-50.

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