摘要土壤侵蚀会降低生产力,影响作物产量,因此,恢复土壤生产力是人们普遍关注的问题。采用人工模拟土壤侵蚀方法,对侵蚀状况下的土壤进行生产力研究,并配以施肥探索土壤生产力的恢复情况。结果显示:1)施肥可以改善土壤的物理性状,侵蚀土壤的含水量降低,密度增加,孔隙度减小;2)在无肥下,土壤中有机质及其他养分质量分数均随侵蚀程度的加深而减少,施肥可以增加土壤中有机质及各养分的质量分数,但施肥后各养分的质量分数整体上仍呈现出随侵蚀深而降低的趋势;3)土壤侵蚀会减少玉米的生物量,平均每侵蚀1 cm 土层,玉米生物量下降0.38%,施肥可以在一定程度上弥补侵蚀所造成的损失;4)同生物量的变化情况,玉米产量也呈现出随侵蚀程度加深而逐渐下降的趋势,每流失1 cm 土层,玉米产量平均下降2.49%,施肥能够提高一定的玉米产量,在剥离地表20 cm、剥离地表10 cm、原状未扰动土和覆盖10 cm 表土4 种不同的地表处理下,常规施肥下的玉米产量比无肥分别提高2.44%、2.13%、1.50%和1.23%,过量施肥比无肥分别提高2.99%、2.56%、1.98%、1.14%。
Abstract：Soil erosion could reduce productivity and affect crop yields. Therefore, the recovery of soil productivity becomes a widespread problem concerned by people. Productivity of eroded soils was studied through artificial simulation of soil erosion and recovery of soil productivity was explored by fertilization.The results showed that: 1) Fertilization could improve the physical properties such as reducing moisture content of eroded soil, increasing bulk density, and decreasing the porosity. 2) Soil organic matter and other mass nutrient contents decreased with the increasing degree of erosion under no-fertilization conditions. Fertilization could increase soil organic matter and mass contents of soil nutrients. However,soil organic matter and mass nutrients also presented a trend of decreasing with soil erosion increasing after fertilization. 3) Soil erosion could affect the Zea mays L. biomass, which declined by 0.38% with 1cm depth erosion. But, fertilization could compensate this losses caused by erosion. 4) Similar with the variation trend of Zea mays L. biomass, yields of Zea mays L. decreased with the increasing degree of soil erosion. Zea mays L. yields declined an average of 2.49% with 1cm depth erosion losses. Under four different soil surface treatments, i. e. , 20 cm surface peeled, 10cm surface peeled, original topsoil undisturbed and 10cm surface covered, Zea mays L. yields increased by 2.44%, 2.13%, 1.50%,1.23% with conventional fertilization and 2.99%, 2.56%, 1.98%, 1.14% with excessive fertilization compared with no-fertilization conditions respectively.
2013, Vol. 11 
