Assessment of soil erosion intensity in Pearl River Basin based on CSLE model
CHEN Yuxuan1, YANG Qinke1,2, LIU Baoyuan3,4, HUANG Chenlu1, WANG Chunmei1,2, PANG Guowei1,2
1. College of Urban and Environment, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China; 2. Key Laboratory of State Forest Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Areas, 710127, Xi'an, China; 3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academic Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; 4. College of Geography, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
摘要为探讨珠江流域土壤侵蚀状况，分析研究区土壤侵蚀的空间格局及主控因子，本文基于中国土壤侵蚀模型（Chinese Soil Loss Equation，CSLE），使用地图代数和空间插值2种方法进行土壤侵蚀制图，并应用地理探测器方法分析土壤侵蚀的主控因子。结果表明：1）研究区土壤侵蚀主要位于研究区内贵州省及云南省、广西中部和广东省沿海区，其中强烈和极强烈侵蚀分布范围较小且位于较零散的坡耕地上；2）地图代数法的制图结果对局地变异表达较好，而空间插值法则对侵蚀速率的宏观格局表达更好，因此空间插值法可作为区域土壤侵蚀制图的首选方法；3）土地利用类型是影响土壤侵蚀的主控因子，其次为植被的影响，其他因素（降雨、地形和土壤等）总体上未表现出控制性影响。因此，调整土地利用结构、优化植被水保功能是今后的主要治理方向，该研究结果可为该区水土流失治理和生态监视提供科学依据。
Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion has seriously threatened the social and economic development in many regions of the world. The Pearl River Delta is one of the most dynamic economic zones in China and even the world. The Pearl River Basin is located in the south subtropical region, with the disadvantages of heavy precipitation and thin soil. Coupled with the interference of human activities, soil erosion has become more severe. However, it is still insufficient in the current research on the spatial differentiation characteristics and main controlling factors of soil erosion in the Pearl River Basin, which is not suitable for the prosperous economy. Therefore, it is urgent to make use of modern scientific and technological means to systematically study soil erosion in this area.[Methods] In this study, the Pearl River Basin was selected as the study area, and China Water Conservancy Survey (WRI) was used to set up sampling survey units. The Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) was used, based on the sample survey unit data interpreted by high-resolution remote sensing images and thematic data on soil erosion factors. The map algebra and spatial interpolation were used to calculate the soil erosion rate map in the study area, and to analyze the spatial pattern of soil erosion in the Pearl River Basin. Furthermore, the geo-detector method was used to quantitatively identify the main influencing factors.[Results] 1) Among the factors affecting soil erosion rate, R and LS are generally higher, which were the main inducing factors of soil erosion. The B factor value was low, while the E and T factor values were high. The study area had good vegetation coverage and was the main inhibitor of soil erosion. 2) The soil erosion in the Pearl River Basin mainly concentrated in Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, central Guangxi and coastal areas of Guangdong province. The areas of intense and extremely intense erosion were relatively small and distributed on relatively scattered sloping farmland. The mean values of soil erosion rate mapped by map algebra and spatial interpolation were 791.78 t/(km2·a) and 615.37 t/(km2·a) respectively. The mean values of the two soil erosion rates were relatively close. The average value of soil erosion rate calculated by map algebra method was higher, which might be related to the difficulty of integrating water conservation measures into the calculation. 3) Except for hilly and mountainous area of Zhejiang-Fujian, land use pattern was the main controlling factor of soil erosion, and the influencing factor Q value was above 47%. Secondly, B factor had a great influence on soil erosion rate and its spatial distribution. T factor ranked the third, and K factor and R factor had little influence. That was related to the high vegetation coverage in the study area, which was dominated by forest and grass vegetation.[Conculsions] Two methods of map algebra and spatial interpolation are used to map soil erosion in the Pearl River Basin. Soil erosion is mainly controlled by land use and biological measures. Adjusting land use structure and optimizing the soil conservation function of vegetation are the main direction of future management. This study may provide a reliable scientific basis for ecological environment restoration and soil conservation in this region, and promote the development of soil erosion research in subtropical region.
陈羽璇, 杨勤科, 刘宝元, 黄晨璐, 王春梅, 庞国伟. 基于CSLE模型的珠江流域土壤侵蚀强度评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(6): 86-93.
CHEN Yuxuan, YANG Qinke, LIU Baoyuan, HUANG Chenlu, WANG Chunmei, PANG Guowei. Assessment of soil erosion intensity in Pearl River Basin based on CSLE model. SSWC, 2021, 19(6): 86-93.
PENNOCK D. Soil erosion:The greatest challenge for sustainable soil management[M]. Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2019:1.
[2]
PENNOCK D. Outcome document of the global symposium on soil erosion[M]. Rome:Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2019:3.
[3]
LU HUA,PROSSER I P,MORAN C J,et al. Predicting sheetwash and rill erosion over the Australian continent[J]. Soil Research,2003,41(6):1037.
[4]
TENG H F,ROSSEL R A V,SHI Z,et al. Assimilating satellite imagery and visible-near infrared spectroscopy to model and map soil loss by water erosion in Australia[J]. Environmental Modelling and Software,2016(77):156.
[5]
BORRELLI P, ROBINSON D A,FLEISCHER L R,et al. An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion[J]. Nature Communications,2017,8(1):1.
[6]
刘宝元,郭索彦,李智广,等. 中国水力侵蚀抽样调查[J]. 中国水土保持,2013(10):26. LIU Baoyuan,GUO Suoyan,LI Zhiguang,et al. Sampling program of water erosion inventory of China[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2013(10):26.
[7]
杨志成,张卓栋,张科利,等. 基于普查样点的贵州省耕地土壤侵蚀空间分布[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2020,18(2):66. YANG Zhicheng,ZHANG Zhuodong,ZHANG Keli,et al. Spatial distribution of cropland soil erosion in Guizhou province based on sample data of the first national water census[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,18(2):66.
[8]
中华人民共和国水利部. 第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[J]. 中国水土保持,2013(10):58. Ministry of Water Resource of the People's Republic of China. The first national water conservancy survey of water and soil conservation bulletin[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2013(10):58.
[9]
杨德生. 珠江流域土壤侵蚀现状及其特点[J]. 人民珠江,1990(4):38. YANG Desheng. Soil erosion and its characteristics of the Pearl River Basin[J]. Pearl River,1990(4):38.
[10]
DAI Shibao,YANG Shilun,CAI Aimin. Impacts of dams on the sediment flux of the Pearl River,southern China[J]. Catena,2009,76(1):36.
[11]
戴仕宝,杨世伦,蔡爱民. 51年来珠江流域输沙量的变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(5):545. DAI Shibao,YANG Shilun,CAI Aimin. Variation of sediment discharge of the Pearl River Basin from 1955 to 2005[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(5):545.
[12]
马永,范建友,胡惠方,等. 珠江流域水土保持区划[J]. 人民珠江,2016,37(7):44. MA Yong,FAN Jianyou,HU Huifang,et al. Soil and water conservation planning of Pearl River drainage area[J]. Pearl River,2016,37(7):44.
[13]
王敬贵,杨德生,余顺超,等. 珠江上游喀斯特地区土地石漠化现状遥感分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2007,5(3):1. WANG Jinggui,YANG Desheng,YU Shunchao,et al. Analysis on Karst rocky desertification in upper reaches of Pearl River based on remote sensing[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,5(3):1.
[14]
LIU Baoyuan,ZHANG Keli,XIE Yun. An empirical soil loss equation[M]. 12th ISCO Conference,Beijing:TsinghuaPress,2002:21.
[15]
YANG Qinke,ZHUMengyang,WANGChunmei,et al. Study on a soil erosion sampling survey in the Pan-Third Pole region based on higher-resolution images[J]. International Soil and Water Conservation Research,2020,8(4):440.
[16]
赵岩,王治国,孙保平,等. 中国水土保持区划方案初步研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(3):21. ZHAO Yan,WANG Zhiguo,SUN Baoping,et al.A primary study on scheme of soil and water conservation regionalization in China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(3):21.
[17]
国务院第一次全国水利普查领导小组办公室.水土保持情况普查[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010. Office of the First National Water Resources Survey Leading Group under the State Council. General survey ofsoil and water conservation[M]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2010.
[18]
王劲峰,徐成东. 地理探测器:原理与展望[J]. 地理学报,2017,72(1):116. WANG Jinfeng,XU Chengdong. Geodetector:Principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1):116.
[19]
中华人民共和国水利部. SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2008:8. Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. SL190-2007 Standards for classification and gradation of soil erosion[S]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2008:8.
[20]
李智广,刘秉正. 我国主要江河流域土壤侵蚀量测算[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2006,4(2):1. LI Zhiguang,LIU Bingzheng. Calculation on soil erosion amount of main river basin in China[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,4(2):1.
[21]
孙德亮,赵卫权,李威,等. 基于GIS与RUSLE模型的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀研究-以贵州省为例[J]. 水土保持通报,2016,36(3):271. SUN Deliang,ZHAO Weiquan,LI Wei,et al. Research on soil erosion in Karst area based on GIS and RUSLE model:A case study in Guizhou province[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,36(3):271.
[22]
王珊,史明昌,赵丹丹,等. 广西岩溶地区土壤侵蚀变化遥感监测-以"珠治"工程广西项目区河池片区为例[J]. 中国水土保持,2012(3):32. WANG Shan,SHI Mingchang,ZHAO Dandan,et al. Comparison of pilot area modes of soil and water conservation of Karst region in Guangxi[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China,2012(3):32.
2021, Vol. 19 
