Abstract：[Background] In order to enhance the water source conservation capacity and alleviate the problem of the current interruption at the source of the Chaohe, in recent years, a large number of afforestation projects for the purpose of conserving water resource have been implemented in the source area of the Chaohe. We aim to explore the characteristics of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of water conservation forests in Chaohe source and to assess the effects of soil physicochemical properties on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Then we scientifically assess the function of water conservation forests through the research results. [Methods] We measured soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks)of 5-type water conservation forests (Pinus tabuliformis forest land, Larix gmelinii×P. tabuliformis forest, P. tabuliformis ×Armeniaca sibirica forest land, Platycladus orientalis×A. sibirica forest land, and P. orientalis forest land) and wasteland using constant-hydraulic head method, analyzed the relationship between Ks and soil physical factors and organic matter with correlation analysis, and assessed the dominant factors affecting Ks by principal component analysis. [Results] 1) The average Ks of various forests ranks in descending order as follows:P. tabuliformis×A. sibirica forest land>P. orientalis×A. sibirica forest land> P. tabuliformis×L. gmelinii forest land> P. tabuliformis forest land> P. orientalis forest land> wasteland, showing that Ks demonstrates a negative exponent as the depth of soil increases. The effect of forest stand on improving surface soil is better than that of deep soil. The P. tabuliformis×A. sibirica forest land has the highest water resource conservation capacity among these 5 forests. 2) Ks is exponentially related to bulk density and clay content, and the soil Ks decreases with the increase of the content of these two influencing factors. Ks has a power function relationship with total porosity, capillary porosity, silt content and sand content. Ks has a linear relation with organic matter content as well. The effect of organic matter on Ks is to improve the structure of soil and colloids.3) The dominant factors affecting Ks include soil unit weight, organic matter content, capillary porosity and clay content. Soil unit weight, organic matter and capillary porosity have the highest effect on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, followed by soil clay content. The four factors play important roles in affecting soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil total porosity, silt content and sand content have little effect on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. [Conclusions] Through the comparison between the forests and the wasteland, we find that the soil Ks of P. tabuliformis×A. sibirica forest is the highest, followed by the P. orientalis×A. sibirica forest land. And it is advised that coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests should be the priority for future water conservation forests construction, especially P. tabuliformis×A. sibirica forest land.
WOOLHISER D A, SMITH R E, GIRALDEZ J V. Effects of spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity on hortonian overland flow[J]. Water Resource Research, 1995, 32(3):671.
[2]
吕刚, 王磊, 卢喜平, 等. 不同复垦方式排土场砾石对饱和导水率和贮水能力的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2017, 54(6):104. LÜ Gang, WANG Lei, LU Xiping, et al. The effect of gravel on saturated hydraulic conductivity and water stroage capacity in reclaimed dump relative to reclamation mode[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2017, 54(6):104.
[3]
马思文, 张洪江, 程金花, 等. 三峡库区典型城郊防护林土壤饱和导水率特征研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版, 2018, 42(5):99. MA Siwen, ZHANG Hongjiang, CHENG Jinhua, et al. Characteristics of saturated hydraulic conductivity in classic suburn shelter forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 42(5):99.
[4]
张扬, 赵世伟, 华娟. 宁南山区草地植被恢复方式对土壤饱和导水率的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2009, 7(5):100. ZHANG Yang, ZHAO Shiwei, HUA Juan. Effects of grassland vegetation restoration on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in mountain area of southern Ningxia[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 7(5):100.
[5]
WANG T, ISTANBULLUOGLU E, WEDIN D, et al. Impacts of devegetation on the temporal evolution of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in a vegetated sand dune area[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 73(11):7651.
[6]
高朝侠, 徐学选, 宇苗子, 等. 黄土塬区土地利用方式对土壤大孔隙特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1578. GAO Zhaoxia, XU Xuexuan, YU Miaozi, et al. Impact of land use types on soil macropores in the loess region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(6):1578.
[7]
张川, 陈洪松, 张伟, 等. 喀斯特坡面表层土壤含水量、密度和饱和导水率的空间变异特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(6):1585. ZHANG Chuan, CHEN Hongsong, ZHANG Wei, et al. Spatial variation characteristics of surface soil water content, bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity on Karst slopes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(6):1585.
[8]
刘春利, 邵明安. 黄土高原坡地表层土壤饱和导水率和水分含量空间变异特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2009, 7(1):13. LIU Chunli, SHAO Ming'an. Spatial variation of saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil water of the surface layer of a slope on the Loess Plateau[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 7(1):13.
[9]
张湘潭, 曾辰, 张凡, 等. 藏东南典型小流域土壤饱和导水率和土壤容重空间分布[J]. 水土保持学报, 2014, 28(1):69. ZHANG Xiangtan, ZENG Chen, ZHANG Fan, et al. Spatial distribution of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil bulk density in a typical catchment in Southeast Tibet[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(1):69.
[10]
甘淼, 贾玉华, 李同川, 等. 黄土区坡沟系统容重、饱和导水率和土壤含水量变化分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(2):315. GAN Miao, JIA Yuhua, LI Tongchuan, et al. Variation of soil bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture content in a slope-gully unit on the northern loess plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(2):315.
[11]
孟晨, 牛健植, 骆紫藤, 等. 鹫峰地区不同植被群落土壤性质及饱和导水率特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(3):156. MENG Chen, NIU Jianzhi, LUO Ziteng, et al. Soil properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity under different plant communities in Jiufeng area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3):156.
[12]
迟春明, 王志春. 沙粒对碱土饱和导水率和盐分淋洗的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2009, 23(1):99. CHI Chunming, WANG Zhichun. Saturated hydraulic conductivity and its influence factors of saline-alkali soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 23(1):99.
[13]
王子龙, 赵勇钢, 赵世伟, 等. 退耕典型草地土壤饱和导水率及其影响因素研究[J]. 草地学报, 2016, 24(6):1254. WANG Zilong, ZHAO Yonggang, ZHAO Shiwei, et al. Study on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its influencing factors in typical grassland of farmland conversion[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016, 24(6):1254.
[14]
梁向锋, 赵世伟, 张扬, 等. 子午岭植被恢复对土壤饱和导水率的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(2):636. LIANG Xiangfeng, ZHAO Shiwei, ZHANG Yang, et al. Effects of vegetation rehabilitation on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in Ziwuling forest area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(2):636.
[15]
于冬雪, 贾小旭, 黄来明. 黄土区不同土层饱和导水率空间变异与影响因素[J]. 土壤通报, 2018, 49(5):71. YU Dongxue, JIA Xiaoxu, HUANG Laiming. Spatial variation and infiuencing factors of saturated hydraulic conductivity in different soil layers of the loess area[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science. 2018, 49(5):71.
[16]
YE W M, WAN M, CHEN B, et al. An unsaturated hydraulic conductivity model for compacted GMZ01 bentonite with consideration of temperature[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(4):1937.
[17]
POLLACCO J A P, WEBB T, MCNEILL S, et al. Saturated hydraulic conductivity model computed from bimodal water retention curves for a range of New Zealand soils[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2017, 21(6):2725.
[18]
MUALEM Y. A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media[J]. Water Resources Research, 1976, 12(3):513.
中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室. 土壤物理性质测定[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1978:56. Lab of Soil Physics, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Determination of soil physical properties[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1978:56.
[21]
阮芯竹, 程金花, 张洪江, 等. 重庆市四面山不同土地利用类型饱和导水率[J]. 水土保持通报, 2015, 35(1):79. RUAN Xinzhu, CHENG Jinhua, ZHANG Hongjiang, et al. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of different land use types in Simian mountain of Chongqing city[J]. Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 35(1):79.
[22]
侯秀丽, 付登高, 阎凯, 等. 滇中不同植被恢复策略下土壤入渗性能及其影响因素[J]. 山地学报, 2013, 31(3):273. HOU Xiuli, FU Denggao, YAN Kai, et al. Soil infiltration and correlative analysis with some factors in the different restoration method in cental Yunnan[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2013, 31(3):273.
[23]
刘宇, 张洪江, 张友焱, 等. 晋西黄土丘陵区主要人工林土壤饱和导水率研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2013, 33(4):302. LIU Yu, ZHANG Hongjiang, ZHANG Youyan, et al. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil under main planted foresrs in loess hilly region of western Shanxi province[J]. Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 33(4):302.
[24]
王贤, 张洪江, 程金花, 等. 重庆市四面山典型林分土壤饱和导水率研究[J]. 水土保持通报, 2012, 32(2):29. WANG Xian, ZHANG Hongjiang, CHENG Jinhua, et al. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soils under typical forests in Simian mountains of Chongqing city[J]. Bulletion of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 32(2):29.
[25]
覃淼, 翟禄新, 周正朝. 桂北地区土地利用类型对土壤饱和导水率和持水能力的影响研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(3):28. QIN Miao, ZHAI Luxin, ZHOU Zhengchao. Influence of land use types on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention in northern Guangxi[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 22(3):28.
[26]
姚淑霞, 张铜会, 刘新平, 等. 科尔沁不同沙地土壤饱和导水率比较研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(3):469. YAO Shuxia, ZHANG Tonghui, LIU Xinping, et al. Feature of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in various lands of Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(3):469.
[27]
公博, 师忱, 何会宾, 等. 冀北山区6种人工林的林地水源涵养能力[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33(3):167. GONG Bo, SHI Chen, HE Huibin, et al. The water conservation capacity of 6 kinds of planted forests in northern mountain area of Hebei province[J]. Journal of Arial Land Resources and Environment, 2019, 33(3):167.
[28]
齐特, 李玉婷, 何会宾, 等. 冀北地区丰宁县水源林地水源涵养能力[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2016, 14(3):60. QI Te, LI Yuting, HE Huibin, et al. Water conservation capacity of forest lands for water source at Fengning county in the north of Hebei province[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 14(3):60.
2021, Vol. 19 
