Distribution characteristics of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil bulk density in a small watershed in the alpine zone of the Loess Plateau
LI Ping, WANG Dongmei, DING Cong, REN Yuan
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks and bulk density ρs under different soil depth,slope positions and slope aspects have important effects on soil water distribution and rainfall infiltration in the catchment. However, few reports on this issue in the alpine zone of the Loess Plateau are available.[Methods] In order to clarify the response of two soil physical parameters (ρs and Ks) to soil depth, slope aspects, and slope position of small watershed, 72 sample points were selected in typical small watershed of this region by grid sampling method. The undisturbed soil cores of 0-60 cm soil layers were taken at intervals of 20 cm depth. And the data of Ks and ρs were determined by the constant water-head method and oven-drying method, and then were analyzed using classical statistics and variance analysis.[Results] 1) In small watershed, the Ks was 1.018 mm/min in moderate variability, and the ρs was 1.257 g/cm3 in weak variability, all of them had a normal distribution, and there was a significantly negative correlation between Ks and ρs. Meanwhile, Ks and ρs both were significantly correlated with soil porosity and soil particle-size distribution. The correlation between Ks and sand content was the highest, but the correlation coefficient was only 0.276. The correlation coefficient between ρs and total porosity and capillary porosity were the largest, both of which were greater than 0.890. 2) The series for Ks according to soil depth was:1.20 mm/min(0-20 cm) > 1.09 mm/min (20-40 cm) > 0.84 mm/min (40-60 cm), with a moderate degree of variation and no significant difference (P>0.05). The ρs increased with the deepening of soil layer and was the degree of weak variation and no significant difference (P>0.05). 3) The mean value of Ks was as follows:lower position (1.17 mm/min) > middle position (1.21 mm/min) > upper position (0.75 mm/min), and ρs mean value was upper position (1.29 g/cm3) > middle position (1.24 g/cm3) > lower position (1.22 g/cm3) in different slope positions. 4) The order of Ks in different slope aspects were as follows:north-facing slope (1.34 mm/min) > south-facing slope (1.26 mm/min) > east-facing slope (0.53 mm/min), while the overall performance of ρs was opposite to Ks. And the value of ρs was:north-facing slope (1.21 g/cm3) < south-facing slope (1.25 g/cm3) < east-facing slope (1.28 g/cm3). There were significant differences between different slope aspects (P<0.05).[Conclusions] Soil water conductivity enhanced from top to the bottom of the slope, and was the best in the north-facing slope and the worst in the east-facing slope, but there was no significant difference with the deepening of soil layer in the small watershed.
李平, 王冬梅, 丁聪, 任远. 黄土高寒区小流域土壤饱和导水率和土壤密度的分布特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(4): 9-17.
LI Ping, WANG Dongmei, DING Cong, REN Yuan. Distribution characteristics of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil bulk density in a small watershed in the alpine zone of the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2019, 17(4): 9-17.
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2019, Vol. 17 
