Abstract：[Background] The spatial distribution pattern of settlements has a significant influence on intensification utilization of land resource and regional economic development. In order to study the distribution characteristics and pattern in tropical area, a case study in Lingshui County of Hainan Province has been addressed.[Methods] The local digital basic map was collected from data center of Chinese academy of sciences. The resident GPS point map was picked out to generate Voronoi diagram and landscape pattern index of Lingshui County. The Voronoi value is an index to classify the distribution situation of point set. Combining Voronoi diagram coefficient variation with landscape pattern index, the aggregation characteristics and distribution pattern of settlements in Lingshui were analyzed. The DEM map and topographic map were used to generate terrain index and buffer map of Lingshui County. Applying GIS spatial analysis, 9 kinds of suitability index:elevation, slope, water source buffer, road buffer, town buffer, downtown district, scale and aggregation of settlements were chosen to study the human settlement suitability in Lingshui County of Hainan Province. Each index was divided into 4 levels (Level I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV) according to its correlation with settlement distribution.[Results]1)The Cv coefficient of variation value of settlements in Lingshui County was 253.99%, in both town and country level, the spatial pattern of settlements presents cluster. 2) The terrain and road were of significant influences to settlement distribution in Lingshui, more than 90% settlements were located in the southeast of the county, whose elevation was lower than 100 m, and slope was smaller than 6°. About 60% settlements were located within the distance of 500 m from main highway. The attractions of town were gradually increasing within 2 000 m while began to weak out of 2 000 m. Thus, it can be considered as a reference radius for settlement optimization. 3) According to the comprehensive suitability value of human settlements, the settlements in Lingshui was divided into 4 types:urban transformation type, the first level settlement, suitability value was greater than 7.99, area was 638.97 hm2; internal development type, the second level settlement, suitability value was between 4.70-7.99, area was 1 942.95 hm2; development control type, the third level settlement, suitability value was between 2.29-4.70, area was 1 429.85 hm2; and the removal type, suitability value was between 0-2.29, and area was 810.65 hm2.[Conclusions] Method was illustrated according to the suitability level of settlements, and this paper provides efficient information and reasonable practice for settlement arrangements in Lingshui County.
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QIE Huan, LI Yaguang. GIS-based spatial distribution characteristics of settlements and its optimization in the tropical Lingshui County of Hainan Province. SSWC, 2017, 15(5): 78-85.
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2017, Vol. 15 
