Restoration and preservation of documents fragments has always been a difficult problem. Based on the restoration of the Western Region documents of Tang Dynasty in the Museum of Renmin University of China, this paper used induction method and case study method to systematically sort out different damage conditions of fragments, researched on key restoration techniques, made the appropriate repair plan according to the different damage conditions of the fragments, innovated preservation methods that contribute to the preservation and utilization of fragments and constructed a system of restoration and preservation methods for different damaged fragments.The research results have practical guidance and reference value for the restoration and preservation of other precious document fragments, and are also a rich development of the theory of paper document conservation.