Sanskrit literature is preserved in archives, libraries, museums and other institutions, with a small collection but high value. Sanskrit literature is first-hand information on the history of Indian thought, Indian Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Sanskrit grammar. Palm leaf, birch bark, and paper are the three primary media materials for Sanskrit literature. Due to differences in their inherent formation principles, properties, and processing techniques, these three materials exhibit significant variations in aging resistance characteristics and rates. Different types of deterioration may occur during the preservation process. Although there have been abundant researches on the contents of Sanskrit literature at home and abroad, a systematic investigation into the preservation and restoration aspects, particularly the comparative study of the three media materials, is yet to be conducted. This paper reviews the historical origins and processing techniques of the three Sanskrit literature media materials. Based on the distinctive properties of these materials, the paper analyzes the mechanisms of deterioration and aging characteristics. Furthermore, the study identifies core technical issues that need to be addressed during the restoration process of these three media materials. The findings contribute theoretical foundations for the protection and longevity extension of Sanskrit literature media materials.