Abstract: 【Purpose/significance】University libraries are the center of academic resources and document information aggregation, and the core base of data literacy education. In order to meet the needs of the development of the times and respond to the country's call to improve the digital literacy and skills of the whole people, strengthen the whole process of university librarians' data-related competencies and data ethics.【Method/process】This paper deeply analyzes the content of all elements of data literacy from the conno⁃ tation, framework and improvement path of university librarians' data literacy ability, and constructs a data literacy ability framework for university librarians.【Result/conclusion】It provides a new research perspective for actively exploring the long-term mechanism of data literacy training of librarians in line with the characteristics of the big data era, and improving the data ability of librarians.【Inno⁃ vation/limitation】This paper only analyzes the data literacy connotation, framework and improvement path of university librarians from three dimensions. Other content covered by librarians' data literacy needs to be further discussed in the follow-up research.