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| Canopy interception simulation of Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabulaeformis forests in northern China based on Gash model |
| WEI Xi1, BI Huaxing1,2,3,4, LIANG Wenjun5 |
1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;
2. Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, 102206, Beijing, China;
3. Ji County Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network, 100083, Beijing, China;
4. Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, 100083, Beijing, China;
5. College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Taigu, Shanxi, China |
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Abstract [Background] The interception process of forest canopy is a key of forest hydrology, which directly affects the prediction of hydrological cycle and forest soil and water conservation function. There are many influencing factors which are researched by scholars, and then, how to find a quick and accurate method has become a hot topic recently. One of these methods used widely is Gash model, and this paper verifies the applicability of Gash analytical model in Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabulaeformis forests in northern China.[Methods] Rainfall outside of stands, throughfall and stemflow of 3 L. principis-rupprechtii forest plots and 3 P. tabulaeformis forests plots in Mulan Forestry Management Bureau in Weichang County of Hebei Province during trees growing season of 2015 were measured and canopy interception was simulated combined with environmental and meteorological data. The core of the research methodology was to determine the accuracy of the Gash model parameters, including air temperature, temperature of soil depth, relative humidity, saturation vapor pressure, vapor pressure, open wind speed, air pressure, forest area net radiation flux, soil heat flux, psychometric constant and slope of the saturated vapor pressure curve at the temperature of air. In the process of simulation,regression method was used to determine canopy parameters and difference between intercepts of curves, which showed the relationship between stemflow and rainfall outside of stands and water storage capacity of leaves and branches was used as water storage capacity of tree trunks.[Results] Canopy water storage capacity of planted L. principis-rupprechtii forests was (1.72±0.48)mm for leaves and branches and (1.16±0.89)mm for tree trunks. Canopy water storage capacity of planted P. tabulaeformis forest was (2.60±0.23)mm for leaves and branches and (1.46±0.65) mm for tree trunks. The amounts of rainfall needed to saturate the canopy of L. principis-rupprechtii forests and P. tabulaeformis forest were (2.50±0.53)mm and (2.98±0.63)mm respectively. The scope of evaporation rate of plots was from (1.14×10-1 to 1.42×10-1)mm/h in rainfall periods. The total values of canopy were 26.9, 38.34 and 38.29 mm, respectively, and the simulated values were 27.95, 41.22, and 38.32 mm, the relative error range was 0.07% -7.51%. The simulated values of canopy total were 54.37, 55.62, and 33.03 mm, the simulated values were 51.37, 52.69, and 35.23 mm, and the relative error ranged in 5.26%-6.66%.[Conclusions] There were no significant difference of variances and means between simulated value and measured value (P>0.1) while the correlation of them was high (R=0.99,P<0.01), indicating the fine simulating effect of Gash analytic model. This study would improve the measurement accuracy of forest canopy interception, rainfall and stemflow of two main tree species, and provide more accurate numerical simulation and theoretical basis for hydrological cycle and soil and water conservation in this area.
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Received: 03 July 2017
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