堰塞坝溃口展宽过程实验研究

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.06.003

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (1)

Download: PDF (4357 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract [Background] Dynamic process of water and breach determines breach's profile during dam overtopping process. Dynamic processes in different sections along a breach are influenced by different flow regime. At present, research on breach broadening process is mainly focusing on a certain section and assumed this section could represent the broadening process of a dam. Knowledge of breach broadening in every section is short and the whole broadening process of a breach is a scientific question.[Methods] In order to study the whole breach broadening process in different initial conditions (height and slope), six flume experiments were designed to research. The observed data of 45 sections aimed at understanding erosion process in different sections and the influences of these initial conditions. We measured this process by using measure tools in mm accuracy and it was recorded by setting HD camera upon breach initially. Apart from this, the mechanical parameters such as the rate of water content and the density of dam were rigorously controlled for guaranteeing the same mechanical set.[Results] 1) With the development of overflow, this process could be classified into two stages according to breach's profile. The process before the end of retrogressive erosion stage was named as the Aequilate Stage, and the process after retrogressive stage was named as the Bending Stage. In the first stage, the mechanism of water and sediment is simple but in the second stage the mechanism of water and sediment is complicated. 2) Broadening process could be divided into two modes, one is Linear Mode and another is Mutation Mode, accounting for 13.3% and 86.7% of 45 sections respectively. The Mutation Mode can be further divided into Weak Erosion ProcessⅠand Strong Erosion Process Ⅱ, in which the processⅡoccurs only in the Bending Stage. 3) The scour rate in the upstream and downstream is larger than that in the middle. The distribution of scour rate is like "U". In the first process, dam in larger initial slope causes larger scour rate in the same section. With the development of overflow, the complex flow regime has obvious secondary flow characters leading to the scour rate along the breach like "S" during processⅡ. For both processes, higher dam height leads to greater erosion rate.[Conclusions] Broadening ratio is different in different section and initial conditions influence the broadening ratio along the breach, which is a complicated process. This study didn't propose formulas to calculate erosion ratio along the breach, because 6 experiments couldn't reflect the physic of broadening process. Apart from this, the new understanding of broadening process of landslide dam is beneficial to the further study of mechanism of this process.

Key words： landslide dam overtopping process breach broadening process scour rate retrogressive erosion

Received: 26 April 2017

PACS:

TD235.1

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	LIU Dingzhu
	CUI Peng
	JIANG Dewang

Cite this article:

LIU Dingzhu,CUI Peng,JIANG Dewang. Experimental study on breach broadening process of landslide dam[J]. SSWC, 2017, 15(6): 19-26.

URL:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/EN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.06.003 OR http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/EN/Y2017/V15/I6/19

[1]	CUI Peng, ZHU Yingyan, HAN Yongshun, et al. The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes:Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J]. Landslides, 2009, 6(3):209.
[2]	王光谦,王永强,刘磊,等.堰塞坝及其溃决模拟研究评述[J]. 人民黄河,2015,37(9):1. WANG Guangqian, WANG Yongqiang, LIU Lei, et al. Reviewed on barrier dam and simulation on dam breach[J]. Yellow River, 2015,37(9):1.
[3]	SHANG Yanjun, YANG Zhifa, LI Lihui, et al. A super-large landslide in Tibet in 2000:background, occurrence, disaster, and origin[J]. Geomorphology, 2003, 54(3/4):225.
[4]	JOHN E C, ROBERT L. The formation and failure of natural dams[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988, 100(7):1054.
[5]	COLEMAN S E, JACK R C, MELVILLE B W. Overtopping breaching of noncohesive embankment dams[C]//Energy and Waters Sustainable Development. Minneapolis:ASCE,1997:42.
[6]	柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元,等.天然土石坝稳定性初步研究[J]. 地质科技情报,2001,20(1):77. CAI Hejun, LIU Hanchao, ZHANG Daoyuan, et al. Preliminarily stability analysis of natural rockfield dam resulting from damming landslide[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2001,20(1):77.
[7]	MORRIS M W, HASSAN M. Breach formation:Field test and laboratory experiments[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research,2007,45(1):9.
[8]	MORRIS M W, HASSAN M. IMPACT:Investigation of extreme flood processes and uncertainty-a European research preject[R]. Brussels:The European Commission, 2005:14.
[9]	张大伟,权锦,何晓燕,等.堰塞坝漫顶溃决试验及相关数学模型研究[J].水利学报, 2012,43(8):979. ZHANG Dawei, QUAN Jin, HE Xiaoyan, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation on overtopping breaching of barrier dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2012, 43(8):979.
[10]	VISSER P J. Breach growth in sand-dikes[D]. Delft:Delft University of Technology, 1998.
[11]	CAO Zhixian, YUE Zhiyuan, PENDER G. Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics, Part I:experimental investigation[J]. Natural Hazards, 2011, 59(2):1003.
[12]	蒋先刚,崔鹏,王兆印,等.堰塞坝溃口下切过程试验研[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(4):38. JIANG Xiangang, CUI Peng, WANG Zaoyin, et al. Experiments investigation on longitudinal breaching of natural dam[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2016,48(4):38.
[13]	张婧,曹叔尤,杨奉广,等.堰塞坝泄流冲刷试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2010, 42(5):191. ZHANG Jing, CAO Shuyou, YANG Fengguang, et al. Experimental study on outlet and scour of blocked dam[J]. Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 2010, 42(5):191.
[14]	罗利环,黄尔,吕文翠,等.堰塞坝溃坝洪水影响因素试验[J].水利水电科技进展, 2011, 30(5):1. LUO Lihuan, HUANG Er, LÜ Wencui, et al. Experimental study on influence factors for dam-break flood of barrier dam[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 2011, 30(5):1.
[15]	李建华,黄尔,罗利环.堰塞坝溃口溃决速率影响因素试验研究[J]. 人民黄河,2012,34(8):8. LI Jianhua, Huang Er, LUO Lihuan. Experimental study on influence factors for burst rate of barrier dams[J]. Yellow River, 2012, 34(8):8.
[16]	杨阳,曹叔尤.堰塞坝溃决机理试验研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(增刊2):60. YANG Yang, CAO Shuyou, Experimental study on breach growth mechanisms of natural barrier dams[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2012,43(S2):60.
[17]	BEGIN Z B, SCHUMM S A, MEYER D F. Knickpoint migration due to base level lowering[J]. Journal of the Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Division, 1980,106(3):369.
[18]	彭润泽,常德礼,白荣隆,等.推移质三角洲溯源冲刷计算公式[J].泥沙研究,1981,3(1):14. PENG Runze, CHANG Deli, BAI Ronglong, et al. Formulas for calculating headward erosion on a bed load delta[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 1981,3(1):14.
[19]	巨江.溯源冲刷的计算方法及其应用[J].泥沙研究,1990,12(1):30. JV Jiang. Computational method of headward erosion and its application[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 1990,12(1):30.
[20]	陈树群,陈联光.溯源冲刷实验观测分析[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(3):120. CHEN Shuqun, CHEN Lianguang. Study on headcutting test[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 1999,6(3):120.
[21]	OSMAN A M, THORNE C R. Riverbank stability analysis. I:Theory[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1988, 114(2):134.
[22]	FROEHLICH D C. Peak outflow from breached embankment dam[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1995b, 121(1):90.
[23]	FROEHLICH D C. Embankment dam breach parameters revisited[C]. Proceedings of the 1995 ASCE Conference on Water Resources Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, 1995a:887.
[24]	黄润秋.汶川地震地质灾害研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:667. HUANG Runqiu. Geohazard assessment of the Wenchuan earthquake[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2009:667.