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| Analysis of moisture infiltration in saline-alkali soil while adding desulfurized gypsum |
| GAO Xiaolong1,2,3,4, WANG Youqi1,2,3,4, BAI Yiru1,3,4, RUAN Xiaohan1,2,3,4, ZHONG Yanxia2,3,4 |
1. College of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China;
2. College of Ecology Environment, Ningxia University, 750021, Yinchuan, China;
3. Breeding Base for State Key Lab of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China, 750021, Yinchuan, China;
4. Key Lab for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, 750021, Yinchuan, China |
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Abstract [Background] The problem of soil salinization has seriously restricted the development of agriculture in world. As one of the important commercial grain production bases in China, Yinbei Plain has the prominent salinization problem, and soil salinization has led to severe degradation of soil physical properties and threatened the development of land productivity. Desulfurized gypsum was widely used as a soil conditioner for saline land improvement. The analysis of the effect of adding desulfurized gypsum on the infiltration process and moisture movement parameters of saline soils was important for the reasonable improvement of saline soils in Yinbei Plain.[Methods] Six groups of desulfurized gypsum addition ratios were set up with Yinbei saline soil as the test material. The indoor one-dimensional vertical soil column infiltration method and model fitting method were applied to describe the soil moisture movement process and parameter characteristics under different desulfurized gypsum addition ratios. And one-dimensional algebraic model was used to simulate the changes of soil moisture content of different treatments.[Results] 1) The increase in the proportion of desulfurized gypsum, the wetting front and cumulative infiltration volume decreased with the increase of desulfurized gypsum addition ratios at the same infiltration times. Compared to the 0 (CK) treatment, the distance of wetting front under 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.0%, and 7.5% desulfurized gypsum addition increased by 9.09%, 13.64%, 22.73%, 27.27% and 36.36% at the end of infiltration, respectively. 2) All four classic infiltration models better fit the variation process of soil infiltration rate, but there were differences in the fitting effect of different models, and the magnitude of the coefficient of determination (R2) was:General empirical model > Kostiakov model > Philip model > Horton model. The absorption rate S in the Philip model gradually decreased with the increase of desulfurized gypsum addition ratios. 3) The addition of desulfurized gypsum changed the moisture contents distribution of different soil layers. At the same soil depth, the soil profile moisture content decreased with the increase of desulfurized gypsum. 4) The one-dimensional algebraic model better simulated the moisture contents of saline soil profiles with the addition of desulfurized gypsum. The fitting effects of the one-dimensional algebraic model were evaluated with root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and conformity index (D), and it was found that the real values had high similarity with the simulated values.[Conclusions] Salinization changes the physical structure of the soil and affects the process of soil moisture and salt transport. Desulfurized gypsum addition can effectively reduce the infiltration rate of soil and regulate moisture distribution. The four classical infiltration models and one-dimensional algebraic equations can better simulate the moisture movement characteristics of saline soils under the addition of desulfurized gypsum, which can provide a scientific basis for reasonable improvement of saline soils.
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Received: 25 June 2021
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