水土保持碳汇内涵与测算方法

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023113

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要水土保持深刻改变着地表覆被和结构、土地利用方式和陆地生态系统结构等，是增强陆地碳汇能力的重要途径。以水土保持林草、工程和耕作措施为切入点，按照"机理阐述-模型构建-分类测算"的总体思路，阐明水土保持碳汇内涵，明确了水土保持碳汇途径，构建水土保持碳汇测算方法，估算全国水土保持碳汇量。结果表明：水土保持具有垂向碳增汇、横向保土固碳（减少侵蚀土壤横向输移导致的碳流失）与减蚀减碳（避免碳排放）的多重功能。2021年，全国现存水土保持措施垂向碳增汇总量为1.54亿t，对陆域碳汇的贡献约43.5%~56.5%，其中林草措施植被和土壤碳汇量超过95%。水土保持保土固碳作用显著，2021年全国水土保持措施保土固碳总量为3 040.86万t，且具有明显的累积效应和长效作用。总体来说，2021年水土保持碳增汇（不包括水土保持林草措施植被碳汇量和土壤碳汇量）和减碳量为5 115万~6 230万t CO₂，约占到全国现有陆地生态系统碳中和总量的4%~6%，这一部分尚未纳入国家碳汇核算体系，其应是实现"双碳"目标的重要环节。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	曹文洪
	张晓明
	张永娥
	刘冰
	王友胜
	赵阳
	殷小琳
	韩晓

关键词 ：保土固碳, 碳汇, 碳中和, 水土保持措施, 有机碳

Abstract：[Background] Soil and water conservation profoundly changes the land cover, surface structure, land use patterns and management measures of terrestrial ecosystems, which play an important role in carbon sink. The soil and water conservation measures can not only absorb CO₂ from the air through its plant and soil carbon sequestration, but also reduces or controls the lateral transport of soil carbon, thus avoiding the erosion-induced CO₂ emission. However, the studies on soil and water conservation measures preventing lateral soil organic carbon transport and vertical carbon emission remains misunderstood and unquantified. [Methods] Considering the role of soil and water conservation forest and grass measures, engineering measures and tillage measures in carbon cycle, this study followed the general idea of "mechanism elaboration-model construction-calculation by classification" that clarified the implications and pathways of soil and water conservation carbon sink, and established its calculating method and the index system. In addition, this study attempted to quantify the capacity of soil and water conservation carbon sink at the scale of China based on the distribution of biomass and soil carbon pool and soil erosion rates derived from national surveys, as well as ecosystem carbon density inventories and literature database. [Results] The soil and water conservation has multiple functions such as increasing carbon sink vertically, and fixing soil carbon via soil conservation (i.e. reducing lateral soil organic carbon loss) and consequently reducing CO₂ emission. In 2021, the total vertical carbon sink of existing soil and water conservation measures in China was 1.54×10⁸ t, contributing about 43.5%-56.5% to terrestrial carbon sink, of which forest and grass measures accounted for over 95% through plant and soil carbon sequestration. The amount of fixed carbon via soil and water conservation measures was 3.04×10⁷ t in 2021 and have obvious cumulative effect and long-term effect, which must be considered. Overall, soil and water conservation measures absorbed atmospheric CO₂ (excluding the contribution of forest and grass measures through its plant and soil carbon sequestration) and reduced emission of 5.12×10⁷-6.23×10⁷ t CO₂ in 2021, accounting for about 4%-6% of the total terrestrial ecosystem carbon neutral in China, but this part has not been included in the national carbon accounting system and needs great attention. [Conclusions] These findings demonstrate that adoption of soil and water conservation measures can sequester carbon in soil and biota and reduce the risks of CO₂ emission by both vertical and lateral paths, which are important to achieve carbon neutrality and mitigating climate change.

Key words： fixed carbon via soil conservation carbon sink carbon neutrality soil and water conservation measure organic carbon

收稿日期: 2023-07-27

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"黄土高原水土保持碳汇机理与潜力评估"（52379082）；水利部重大科技项目"水土保持碳汇作用研究"（SKR-2022076）；宁夏水利科技项目"宁夏生产建设项目水土保持监管机制及技术研究"（SBZZ-J-2020-13）

通讯作者: 张晓明(1979-),男,博士,正高。主要研究方向:水土保持。E-mail:zxmwq@126.com E-mail: zxmwq@126.com

作者简介: 曹文洪(1963-),男,博士,正高。主要研究方向:水土保持与江河治理。E-mail:caowh@iwhr.com

引用本文:

曹文洪, 张晓明, 张永娥, 刘冰, 王友胜, 赵阳, 殷小琳, 韩晓. 水土保持碳汇内涵与测算方法[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(1): 1-11.
CAO Wenhong, ZHANG Xiaoming, ZHANG Yong'e, LIU Bing, WANG Yousheng, ZHAO Yang, YIN Xiaolin, HAN Xiao. Connotation of carbon sink in soil and water conservation and its calculation method. SSWC, 2024, 22(1): 1-11.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023113 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I1/1

[1]	LAL R. Soil erosion and the global carbon budget[J]. Environment International, 2003, 29(4):437.
[2]	YUE Yao, NI Jinren, CIAIS Philippe, et al. Lateral transport of soil carbon and land-atmosphere CO2 flux induced by water erosion in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016, 113(24):6617.
[3]	刘鹤龄, 饶良懿, 图尔荪, 等. 北方土石山区水蚀及水保措施对土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2019, 36(4):646. LIU Heling, RAO Liangyi, TU Ersun, et al. Effect of water erosion and soil conservation measures on soil organic carbon content in rocky mountainous areas of northern China[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2019, 36(4):646.
[4]	于寒青, 李勇, NguYen M L, 等. 基于FRN技术的我国不同地区典型土壤保持措施的有效性评价[J]. 核农学报, 2012, 26(2):340. YU Hanqing, LI Yong, NguYen M L, et al. Fallout Radionuclide based techniques for assessing the effectiveness of soil conservation measures in different erosion zones in China[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 26(2):340.
[5]	黄金权, 程冬兵, 王志刚, 等. 水力侵蚀作用下土壤有机碳动态研究进展[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2016, 33(12):27. HUANG Jinquan, CHENG Dongbing, WANG Zhigang, et al. Advances in dynamics of soil organic carbon affected by water erosion [J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2016, 33(12):27.
[6]	LAL R. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change[J]. Geoderma, 2004, 123(1/2):1.
[7]	CHI C, PARK T, WANG Xuhui, et al. China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management[J]. Nature Sustainability, 2019, 2:122.
[8]	CHAPIN F S Ⅲ, MASTON P A, MOONEY H A. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology[M]. 2nd ed. New York:Springer-Verlag, 2011:10.
[9]	BHATTACHARYYA S S, ROS G H, FURTAK K, et al. Soil carbon sequestration:An interplay between soil microbial community and soil organic matter dynamics[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 815:152928.
[10]	LIAO Hao, HAO Xiuli, QIN Fei, et al. Microbial autotrophy explains large-scale soil CO2 fixation[J]. Global Change Biology, 2022, 29(1):231.
[11]	陈敏全, 王克勤. 坡耕地不同水土保持措施对径流泥沙与土壤碳库的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2015, 42(6):124. CHEN Minquan, WANG Keqin. Properties of runoff, sediment and soil carbon stock under different soil and water conservation measures in sloping farmland[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 42(6):124.
[12]	张祎. 生态建设条件下流域水蚀对土壤有机碳迁移-沉积过程影响研究[D]. 西安:西安理工大学, 2018:46. ZHANG YI. The influence of water erosion on migration-deposition process of soil organic carbon under ecological construction[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology, 2018:46.
[13]	李占斌, 周波, 马田田. 黄土丘陵区生态治理对土壤碳氮磷及其化学计量特征的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(6):312. LI Zhanbin, ZHOU Bo, MA Tiantian. Effects of ecological management on characteristics of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and their stoichiometric in loess hilly region, China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 31(6):312.
[14]	符素华, 刘宝元, 路炳军, 等. 官厅水库上游水土保持措施的减水减沙效益[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2009, 7(2):18. FU Suhua, LIU Baoyuan, LU Bingjun, et al. Effects of soil conservation practice on runoff and sediment in upper reache of Guanting Reservoir[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 7(2):18.
[15]	FANG Nufang, ZENG Yi, RAN Lishan, et al. Substantial role of check dams in sediment trapping and carbon sequestrationon the Chinese Loess Plateau. Communications Earth & Environment[J]. 2023, 4(1):65.
[16]	孙文娟, 黄耀, 张稳. 农田土壤固碳潜力研究的关键科学问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2008, 23(9):996. SUN Wenjuan, HUANG Yao, ZHANG Wen. Key issues on soil carbon sequestration potential in agricultural soils[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23(9):996.
[17]	LAL R. Carbon management in agricultural soils[J]. Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2007, 12:303.
[18]	欧阳志云, 王金南,肖焱,等.陆地生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算技术指南[M]. 北京:生态环境部环境规划院,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,2020:26. OUYANG Zhiyun, WANG Jinnan, XIAO Yan, et al. The technical guideline on gross ecosystem product (GEP)[M]. Beijing:Institute of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Research Center for Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2020:26.
[19]	张光辉, 杨扬, 刘瑛娜, 等. 秸秆还田阻控黑土侵蚀机理及效应[J]. 土壤与作物, 2022, 11(2):115. ZHANG Guanghui, YANG Yang, LIU Yingna, et al. Mechanisms and benefits of straw return in mitigating black soil erosion[J]. Soil and Crop, 2022, 11(2):115.
[20]	贺云峰, 沈海鸥, 张月, 等. 黑土区坡耕地不同秸秆还田方式的水土保持效果分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(6):89. HE Yunfeng, SHEN Haiou, ZHANG Yue, et al. Analysis of soil and water conservation effects of different straw returning patterns in sloping farmland in the Chinese black soil region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(6):89.
[21]	张雄智, 李帅帅, 刘冰洋, 等. 免耕与秸秆还田对中国农田固碳和作物产量的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2020, 25(5):1. ZHANG Xiongzhi, LI Shuaishuai, LIU Bingyang, et al. Effects of no-tillage and residue retention on carbon sequestration and yield in China[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2020, 25(5):1.
[22]	FANG Jingyun, YU Guirui, LIU Lingli, et al. Climate change, human impacts, and carbon sequestration in China[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018, 115:4015.
[23]	国家林业和草原局. 中国退耕还林还草二十年(1999-2019)[M]. 北京:国家林业和草原局,2020:25. National Forestry and Grassland Administration. China's twenty years of returning farmland to forest and grassland (1999-2019)[M]. National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 2020:25.
[24]	邱宇洁. 黄土丘陵区梯田土壤有机碳演变规律及影响因素研究[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2014:26. QIU Yujie. Study on the evolution and influencing factors of soil organic carbon of terrace changed from slope cropland in the hilly Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling, Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University, 2014:26.
[25]	CHEN Die, WEI Wei, DARYANTO S, et al. Does terracing enhance soil organic carbon sequestration? A national-scale data analysis in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 721:1.
[26]	SUN Wenjuan, HUANG Yao, ZHANG Wen, et al. Carbon sequestration and its potential in agricultural soils of China[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycle, 2010, 24(GB3001):1.
[27]	YU Yongqiang, HUANG Yao, ZHANG Wen. Modeling soil organic carbon change in croplands of China, 1980-2009[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2012, 82/83:115.
[28]	潘根兴, 赵其国. 我国农田土壤碳库演变研究:全球变化和国家粮食安全[J].地球科学进展, 2005, 20(4):384. PAN Genxing, ZHAO Qiguo. Study on evolution of organic carbon stock in agricultural soils of china:Facing the challenge of global change and food security[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2005, 20(4):384.
[29]	于寒青. 土壤侵蚀与碳动态环境放射性核素示踪研究[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院, 2016:56. YU Hanqing. Soil erosion and soil carbon dynamics assessed by using fallout radionuclides techniques[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016:56.
[30]	盖浩, 刘平奇, 张梦璇, 等. 黑土坡耕地横坡垄作对减少径流及土壤有机碳流失的作用[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022, 36(2):300. GAI Hao, LIU Pingqi, ZHANG Mengxuan, et al. Effects of ridge planting on reducing runoff and soil organic carbon loss in black soil slope[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 36(2):300.
[31]	于贵瑞, 朱剑兴, 徐丽, 等. 中国生态系统碳汇功能提升的技术途径:基于自然解决方案[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2022, 37(4):490. YU Guirui, ZHU Jianxing, XU Li, et al. Technology approaches to enhance ecosystem carbon sink in China:Nature-based solutions[J]. Proceedings of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022, 37(4):490.