南亚热带杉木林改造不同树种配置模式的土壤质量评价

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.03.016

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摘要为探明不同树种配置对杉木纯林改造中土壤质量的影响，以南亚热带地区不同树种配置、林龄11~12 a的杉阔混交林为研究对象，以林龄13 a杉木纯林的土壤化学性质为对照，比较不同林分0~25 cm土层的土壤理化性质以及微生物生物量碳和氮，并基于主成分分析，综合评价不同杉阔混交林的土壤质量。结果表明：混交林土壤pH值为4.15~4.71，速效氮和速效磷质量分数分别为81.4~152.8和0.93~2.39 mg/kg，杉木林pH值为4.06，速效氮和速效磷质量分数分别为30.8和0.76 mg/kg，前者比后者有不同程度的升高；全磷质量分数除林分C（0.45g/kg）较高外，其余混交林（0.14~0.32 g/kg）均小于杉木林（0.34 g/kg）；其他指标在不同林分间无一致变化规律。杉阔混交林的土壤质量指数介于0.25~0.64之间；其中，米老排+枫香+香樟+盆架子+杉木、米老排+香樟+阴香+火力楠+杉木、米老排+枫香+香樟+尖叶杜英+杉木3种树种配置的土壤质量指数均大于0.6，表现出较强的土壤改良能力；米老排和香樟树种的土壤改良能力较强，而海南蒲桃和大叶紫薇较差。3种土壤质量指数较大的树种配置，可在我国南亚热带地区的杉木纯林改造中推广应用。

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	黄钰辉
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	唐洪辉
	盘李军
	冼伟光

关键词 ：土壤质量, 综合评价, 林分改造, 杉阔混交林, 树种配置, 南亚热带

Abstract：[Background] The productivity and soil quality of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation continuously decreased by managements of pure and successive plantation, short rotation, and clear-cutting harvest, which were harmful to forest sustainable development. In order to improve forest ecosystem productivity and soil quality, C. lanceolata and broadleaf mixed plantations (hereafter referred as mixed plantations) were established by planting different broadleaf tree species at the clear-cutting site of C. lanceolata plantations in south subtropics of China. [Methods] Taking soil chemical property of a 13-year-old pure C. lanceolata plantation as control, we studied the influence of tree species composition on soil characteristics at top 25 cm depth in 12 mixed plantations of 11-12 years old. We compared the differences of soil physical (bulk density, soil water content, total porosity, capillary and non-capillary porosity, and particle components) and chemical (pH, soil organic matter, total N, total P, available N, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and available P content) properties, as well as microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content among 12 mixed plantations. Integrated soil quality index of each mixed plantation was calculated on the basis of principal component analysis. [Results] The results showed that the pH (4.15-4.71), available N (81.4-152.8 mg/kg) and available P (0.93-2.39 mg/kg) of mixed plantations were higher than those of pure C. lanceolata plantation (4.06 for pH, 30.8 mg/kg for available N and 0.76 mg/kg for available P, respectively). In contrast, the total P content of pure C. lanceolata plantation (0.34 g/kg) was higher than those of most mixed plantations (0.14-0.32 g/kg) except plantation C (0.45 g/kg). There were no consistent trends among different plantations for other soil property indexes. Soil quality index of mixed plantations varied from 0.25 to 0.64, which was higher than 0.6 in three kinds of tree species composition pattern, including 1) Mytilaria laosensis + Cinnamomum camphora + Cinnamomum burmanni + Michelia macclurei + C. lanceolata, 2) M. laosensis + Liquidambar formosana + C. camphora + Winchia calophylla + C. lanceolata,and 3) M. laosensis + L. formosana + C. camphora + Elaeocarpus sylvestris + C. lanceolata, indicating greater ability on improving soil quality than other species composition patterns. [Conclusions] M. laosensis and C. camphora could be much more helpful to improve soil quality than other species, while Syzygium hainanense and Lagerstroemia speciosa had no apparent effect. The three kinds of tree species composition pattern mentioned above should be appropriate in conversion of pure C. lanceolata plantation in south subtropics of China. The future study of stand conversion should be focused on the interspecific relationship, proportion of advantaged tree species, and density in mixed plantations.

Key words： soil quality comprehensive assessment stand conversion Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaf mixed plantation tree species composition south subtropics

收稿日期: 2016-09-26

PACS:

S718.5

基金资助:广东省林业科技创新专项项目"广东省典型区域碳汇林结构优化关键技术研究与示范"（2015KJCX027）；广东省林业科技创新专项项目"新丰江饮用水源地水源林构建关键技术研究与示范"（2015KJCX029）

通讯作者: 张卫强(1976-),男,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:森林水文与植物生理生态。E-mail:happyzwq@sina.com E-mail: happyzwq@sina.com

作者简介: 黄钰辉(1981-),男,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向:森林生态学。E-mail:huangyh@sinogaf.cn

引用本文:

黄钰辉¹, 张卫强¹, 甘先华¹, 唐洪辉¹, 盘李军², 冼伟光². 南亚热带杉木林改造不同树种配置模式的土壤质量评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(3): 123-130.
HUANG Yuhui, ZHANG Weiqiang, GAN Xianhua, TANG Honghui, PAN Lijun, XIAN Weiguang. Soil quality assessment on different tree species composition patterns in Cunninghamia lanceolata stand conversion in south subtropics. SSWC, 2017, 15(3): 123-130.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.03.016 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2017/V15/I3/123

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