高寒矿区蛇纹石渣土配制及其改良种植基质的试验——以青海威斯特铜矿为例

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023126

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摘要针对青藏高原高寒矿区“客土”资源缺乏、土壤结构质量差和植被建造困难等问题,研究蛇纹石渣土与当地原土配制和改良,为植被建造提供种植基质。以青海威斯特铜矿为例,通过土壤模拟、盆栽种植和田间小区试验方法,对矿区蛇纹石渣土与当地原土进行种植基质配制,并通过改良试验确定种植基质的改良方案。蛇纹石渣土与原土不同比例配制极大影响基质的理化性能。蛇纹石渣土与原土配制比例6颐4时,种植基质土壤密度、pH和土壤电导率分别与纯蛇纹石渣土对照(CK)降低2.20%、7.95%和19.88%,土壤毛管孔隙度、田间持水量,以及有效磷、速效钾、全氮和水解性氮的质量分数分别显著增加15.12%、7.02%、75.23%、328.88%、117.65%和32.38%,达到绿化基质基本要求;盆栽种植表明,蛇纹石渣土与原土配制比例6颐4时,单种植披碱草和混种6种草籽等牧草的出苗数较对照CK提高10.34%和25%,披碱草株高、地上生物量、地下生物量分别较对照CK提高7.25%、87.00%和246.95%;田间小区种植试验表明,蛇纹石渣土与原土配制比例为6颐4且添加TG改良剂1 kg/m²、KM 3005保水剂12 g/m²和羊板粪3.12 kg/m²时,羊板粪和TG改良剂梯度试验出苗株高和生物量分别较对照提高38.30%和200.43%、21.43%和358.02%,并得到工程示范应用。蛇纹石渣土与原土按照6颐4配制并通过TG改良剂、保水剂和羊板粪改良后,能达到矿区生态修复的植物种植的基质要求,试验结果对促进青海高寒矿区的生态修复具有重要参考。

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	孔令健
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关键词 ：高寒矿区, 蛇纹石渣土, 种植基质, 土壤密度, 田间持水量, 披碱草, TG改良剂, 保水剂

Abstract：[Background] This study explores the impact of mineral resource development on regional soil quality, addressing challenges like soil structure damage and fertility decline in alpine mining areas. The proposed solution involves combining serpentine residue soil with raw soil from early mine construction, incorporating local materials like sheep manure, TG amendment, and water retaining agent. The goal is to enhance soil structure and nutrient conditions, establishing a suitable soil matrix for vegetation recovery. This approach aims to improve soil water and nutrient retention in mining areas, supporting soil restoration in high-altitude regions like Qinghai West Copper Mine [Methods] In this study, samples representing storage raw soil and serpentine residue soil were collected from platforms 4290 and 4138 of Qinghai West Copper Mine using a three-mixed-one sampling method. The experiments included substrate formulation tests, potting tests, and field plot planting substrate amendment tests to assess their effects on soil properties and growth of one and six plant species. Physical and chemical indicators such as soil bulk weight, pH, porosity, EC, and nutrient content were measured using standard methods. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26 were used to analyze the experimental data for statistics and to determine the significance of differences. [Results] 1) Different ratios of serpentine residue soil and raw soil significantly affected the physicochemical properties of the substrate. When the ratio of serpentine residue soil to raw soil was 6 颐 4, the formulated soil bulk density, pH, and electrical conductivity decreased by 2.20%, 7.95%, and 19.88%, respectively, compared to the pure serpentine residue soil control (CK). Meanwhile, soil salt, soil capillary porosity, soil field water-holding capacity, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and hydrolyzable nitrogen contents increased significantly by 15.12%, 7.02%, 75.23%, 328.88%, 117.65%, and 32.38%, respectively, meeting the basic requirements of a greening substrate. 2) Pot planting results indicated that forage grasses like Elymus dahuricus showed increased emergence when planted alone or mixed with six grass seeds at a 6 颐 4 ratio of serpentine residue soil to raw soil, with a 10.34% and 25% increase, respectively. Additionally, the height, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass of E. dahuricus increased by 7.25%, 87.00%, and 246.95% compared to the control CK. 3) The field plot planting test indicated that with a formulation ratio of 6颐 4 for serpentine residue soil to raw soil, and the addition of 1 kg / m² TG amendment, 12 g / m² KM 3005 water retaining agent, and 3.12 kg / m² of goat slate manure, the seedling height and biomass in the gradient test of goat slate manure and TG amendment increased by 38.30% and 200.43%, and 21.43% and 358.02%, respectively, compared to the control. These findings have been applied in an engineering demonstration. [Conclusions] The study concludes that a 6颐 4 mix of serpentinite slag soil and local raw soil improves physicochemical properties in high-altitude mining areas. This ratio enhances soil structure, lowers pH and conductivity, and increases pore density and water retention. Enriched with nutrients, it supports better grass growth. Pot experiments confirm suitability for seedling emergence and overall growth. Field trials with serpentinite slag soil, raw soil, sheep manure, TG amendment, and KM 3005 water retaining agent promote superior ecological restoration in soil-deficient, high-altitude mining areas.

Key words： alpine mining areas serpentine slag soil planting substrates soil bulk density soil field water-holding capacity Elymus dahuricus TG amendment water retaining agent

收稿日期: 2023-09-08

PACS:

S156.2

基金资助:青海威斯特铜业有限责任公司“高寒矿区边坡绿化喷播基质配制及其应用技术研究”(2641-ZC-2022-00094)

作者简介: 孔令健(1999—),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤改良矿区生态修复。E-mail:ljkong2023@163.com

引用本文:

孔令健, 张琳, 王颖南, 张明, 史兴萍, 黄占斌. 高寒矿区蛇纹石渣土配制及其改良种植基质的试验——以青海威斯特铜矿为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(3): 120-128.
KONG Lingjian, ZHANG Lin, WANG Yingnan, ZHANG Ming, SHI Xingping, HUANG Zhanbin. Experiments on the configuration of serpentine slag soil and its improved planting substrate in alpine mining area: A case study of the West Copper Mine in Qinghai. SSWC, 2024, 22(3): 120-128.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023126 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I3/120

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