水土保持方案与施工图设计差异分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.06.019

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摘要比较分析生产建设项目水土保持方案（或）和施工图设计中水土保持措施的差异状况，可有效掌握水土保持措施落实情况及其效果，为生产建设项目水土保持工作的可持续发展提供技术支撑。采用4种雨水利用（雨水管线、透水铺装、下凹式绿地和集雨池）和4种植物措施（乔木、灌木、草本和嵌草砖），对比分析北京市50个典型生产建设项目的水土保持方案和施工图设计中水土保持措施的差异，并评价林草覆盖率、雨洪利用率和硬化地面控制率3项水土流失防治指标的达标情况。结果表明：1）方案与施工图设计的水土保持措施差异广泛存在，50个项目有90%存在1项或多项水保措施的明显差异，雨水利用措施达到明显差异的项目数低于植物措施；2）除集雨池外，其余3项雨水利用措施存在明显差异；除嵌草砖外，其余3项植物措施呈现明显差异，其中乔木减少84.3%，而灌木对应增加103.2%；3）水土流失防治达标较好，雨水利用率、林草覆盖率和硬化地面控制率分别为90%、84%和100%。因此，水土保持方案和施工图设计水土保持措施差异的主要原因，是后续设计中虽遵照了方案中的水土流失防治指标，但对具体的水土保持措施布设体系重视不足，建议在今后的生产建设项目水土保持工作中要强化过程管理。

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	宋秀瑜
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	程金花
	查同刚

关键词 ：水土保持方案, 施工图设计, 雨水利用措施, 植物措施, 过程管理

Abstract：[Background] Comparing the differences between soil and water conservation schemes (SWCS) and construction drawing designs (CDD) may effectively master the implementation and effects of soil and water conservation measures, and hence providing technical support for the sustainable development of soil and water conservation for production and construction project.[Methods] Differences of 4 rainwater utilization measures (rainwater pipeline, permeable pavement, low elevation greenbelt, and rainwater harvesting pool) and 4 vegetation measures (arbor, shrubs, herb and grass-embedded bricks) of 50 typical projects in Beijing between SWCS and CDD were compared, and situations of compliance with standard for 3 indexes of the forest coverage, rainwater utilization rate and rate of hardened ground were analyzed.[Results] 1) There were widespread differences in soil and water conservation measures between SWCS and CDD. There were markedly differences in one or more water conservation measures for 90% of the 50 analyzed projects, and the number of projects with obvious differences in rainwater utilization measures was lower than that of vegetation measures. 2) Except the rainwater harvesting pool, there were obvious differences in the other three rainwater utilization measures. Except the socking bricks, the other three vegetation measures showed obvious differences, with the largest reduction rate of trees was 84.3% and the largest increase rate of shrubs was 103.2%. 3) Soil and water loss indicators reached the standard well, with rainwater utilization rate, forest coverage, and control rate of hardening ground were 90%, 84% and 100% respectively.[Conclusions] Therefore, the main reason of the differences between SWCS and CDD was that the following design was complied with the scheme of protecting indexes of soil and water losses, but ignoring the specific layout system of soil and water conservation systems. The process management should be strengthened in the coming projects of production and construction projects.

Key words： soil and water conservation scheme construction drawing design rainwater utilization vegetation measures process management

收稿日期: 2019-12-09

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"绿色生态廊道生态河岸构建关键技术与示范研究"（2018ZX07101005-03-02）

通讯作者: 查同刚(1972-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:土壤退化与生态恢复,水土保持。E-mail:zhtg73@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: zhtg73@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 宋秀瑜(1975-),男,学士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:水源保护和水源涵养林建设。E-mail:sxyzy@sohu.com

引用本文:

宋秀瑜, 王云竹, 张瑜, 李金鹏, 张恒硕, 程金花, 查同刚. 水土保持方案与施工图设计差异分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(6): 145-152.
SONG Xiuyu, WANG Yunzhu, ZHANG Yu, LI Jinpeng, ZHANG Hengshuo, CHENG Jinhua, ZHA Tonggang. Differences analysis of soil and water conservation measures between schemes and construction drawing designs of soil and water conservation. SSWC, 2021, 19(6): 145-152.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021.06.019 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2021/V19/I6/145

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