黄土高原坡面土壤水分特征及时间稳定性——以延安市九龙泉沟为例

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.06.001

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摘要为明确黄土高原流域坡面土壤水分特征，进一步指导该地区生态建设，本研究选择该区一西南朝向、相对平缓的典型坡面，对不同坡位下的土壤含水率进行定位监测，并利用Spearman秩相关系数和相对差分等方法分析其时间稳定性。结果表明：土壤含水率平均值随土层深度的增加而增加，土壤含水率变异性在上坡位及中坡位表现为随深度的增加而减小，在下坡位则呈现先减小后增大的趋势；土壤含水率分布特征为上坡位<中坡位<下坡位，且下坡位与上坡位、下坡位与中坡位之间土壤水分含量差异显著（P<0.05）；土壤含水率的时间稳定性分析显示，0~50 cm土层土壤含水率在6、8、9月之间具有较高的稳定性，相关性极显著（P<0.01），而50~100 cm范围土层土壤含水率在5、6月间具有显著相关性；中坡位土壤水分的时间稳定性最高，其次为上坡位，下坡位最低；研究区域内最佳时间稳定性点为中坡位的M3号点，可作为坡面0~100 cm土层最优的时间稳定性代表性测点。因此，黄土高原坡面水分的时间稳定性在中坡位较强。研究结果有望为黄土高原水土保持及生态恢复过程中植被结构选择及土壤水分评价提供参考。

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关键词 ：土壤水分, 坡位, 分布特征, 时间稳定性, 黄土高原

Abstract：[Background] The Loess Plateau is one of the typical ecologically fragile areas of China, due to the lacking of research on the temporal stability of soil moisture, unreasonable vegetation selection and planting density in the long-term afforestation process have caused the problem of soil drying, here we try to clarify the characteristics of soil moisture in the slope of watershed of the gully land consolidation watershed in the Loess Plateau, and to further guide the implementation of the gully land consolidation project and vegetation restoration in this area,[Methods] This study selected a typical slope facing southwest with a gentle gradient of a watershed of the Loess Plateau as the research object. The soil moistures of different slope positions (up-slope, mid-slope and lower slope) were monitored by TRIME-PICO TDR, with 4 monitoring points per slope position. The monitoring time was from May to September 2017 of a total of 4 times. The soil moisture was analyzed with multiple statistical methods, and its temporal stability was analyzed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient, relative deviation, temporal stability index, mean absolute deviation and root mean square error.[Results] 1) The average soil moisture of different slope positions increased with the increase of soil depth, and the variability of soil moisture content decreased with the increase of depth at the up-slope and mid-slope, and decreased first and then increaseed at the lower slope. 2) On different slope positions, the distribution characteristics of soil moisture content were as follows:up-slopeP<0.05). 4)The temporal stability analysis of the soil moisture content showed that a high stability between August and September of the soil moisture content of the 0-50 cm soil layer, and the correlation of two month data was extremely significant (P<0.01), while the soil moisture content of the soil layer in the 50-100 cm range had a significant correlation between May and June. 5) The time stability of soil moisture in the mid-slope position was the highest, followed by the up-slope position, and the temporal stability of the soil moisture in the lower slope position was the lowest. 6) The best time stability point in the study area was the M3 point of the mid-slope position, as the representative point of optimal time stability of 0-100 cm soil layer on slope.[Conculsions] The temporal stability of the moisture on the mid-slopes of the Loess Plateau is stronger. The results are expected to provide a reference for the selection of vegetation structure and evaluation of soil moisture content in soil and water conservation and ecological restoration of the watershed of Loess Plateau.

Key words： soil moisture slope position distribution characteristics temporal stability Loess Plateau

收稿日期: 2020-03-12

PACS:

S152

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"服务于最严格水资源管理考核制度的规制及系统集成研究"（51979221）

通讯作者: 解建仓(1963-),男,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向:区域经济与水资源管理,决策支持及水利信息化。E-mail:jcxie@xaut.edu.cn E-mail: jcxie@xaut.edu.cn

作者简介: 单玉琳(1986-),女,博士研究生。主要研究方向:水文水资源,土地整治工程。E-mail:sxdjsyl@163.com

引用本文:

单玉琳, 解建仓, 韩霁昌, 雷娜, 董起广. 黄土高原坡面土壤水分特征及时间稳定性——以延安市九龙泉沟为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(6): 1-7.
SHAN Yulin, XIE Jiancang, HAN Jichang, LEI Na, DONG Qiguang. Soil moisture characteristics and temporal stability on the slope of the Loess Plateau: A case study of Jiulongquan ditch in Yan'an city. SSWC, 2021, 19(6): 1-7.

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