Research progress on the effects of raw and modified biochar on soil heavy metal pollutants
ZHAO Shuai1,2, CAI Xiongfei1,2, WANG Ji1,2, LI Xiaoyan1,2, LI Ding1,2, ZHAO Shijie1,2, YU Xinjie1,2, XU Die1,2
1. School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, 550025; 2. The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, 550025:Guiyang, China
Abstract：[Background] Duo to the rapid development of modern society, soil heavy metal pollution becomes increasingly prominent, which seriously threatens the security of ecological environment. Biochar comes from a wide range of biological sources and of a low cost. It has a huge specific surface area, complex pore structure and abundant functional groups. With its excellent performance, it can effectively renovate soil heavy metal pollution, making it a research hotspot in a variety of environmental functional materials. With the complexity of soil heavy metal pollution types, it is necessary to modify biochar to achieve the purpose of improving the remediation effect. [Methods] In view of this research hotspot, numerous literature retrieval were carried out with "biochar", "soil heavy metal pollution", "passivation remediation" and "modified biochar" as keywords. These keywords appeared very frequently in relevant fields. Representative literatures were selected for analysis and integration. The characteristic and applications of biochar were briefly described, the remediation effects of biochar on heavy metal pollutants were summarized, and the modified biochar was emphatically discussed, and the properties of modified biochar and the changes of its effects on heavy metals were discussed. [Results] Biochar comes from a wide range of sources (agricultural wastes, sludge, fruit shells, and poultry dung), it is mainly prepared by low-temperature anoxic slow-speed pyrolysis technology. Its properties mainly depend on the types of biomass raw materials and pyrolysis conditions. The adsorption mechanism of biochar for heavy metals can be divided into surface adsorption (physical adsorption), surface complexation or precipitation, ion exchange and electrostatic attraction, which can effectively reduce the availability and migration of heavy metal pollutants in soil. After modification, the application performance of biochar is enhanced,for example, functional groups are introduced, impurities are removed and surface performance is improved. Remediation effect of heavy metal pollutants in soil is significantly improved. [Conculsions] The treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil by modified biochar has been quite effective, but at present, it is mainly in the laboratory stage or small-scale test stage, and there is a lack of large-scale in-situ experiments. The aging and final flow direction of biochar are not studied deeply enough. The selection of raw materials of biochar should follow the principle of taking local materials, and the secondary pollution of soil environment should be avoided in the process of treatment. Green environmental protection and efficiency is the development trend of biochar field.
赵帅, 蔡雄飞, 王济, 李晓燕, 李丁, 赵士杰, 郁鑫杰, 徐蝶. 原质及改性生物炭对土壤重金属污染物影响的研究进展[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(2): 135-150.
ZHAO Shuai, CAI Xiongfei, WANG Ji, LI Xiaoyan, LI Ding, ZHAO Shijie, YU Xinjie, XU Die. Research progress on the effects of raw and modified biochar on soil heavy metal pollutants. SSWC, 2021, 19(2): 135-150.
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2021, Vol. 19 
