Comparative study between Nemerow Index Method and Compound Index Method for the risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution
XUE Zhibin, LI Ling, ZHANG Shaokai, DONG Jing
1. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China;
2. Henan Geological Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., 450099, Zhengzhou, China
Abstract：[Background] The accumulation of heavy metals in soil will influence the physical and chemical properties of soil, leading to soil structure damage and soil and water loss. Furthermore, along with the function of food chain, heavy metal pollutants can migrate to animals and plants, as well as human beings, which is harmful to food safety and human health. The sustainable development of economy and human health are seriously endangered by soil heavy metal pollution. Thus the risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution is an important basis and premise for solving this problem.[Methods] There are many methods for assessing the risks of soil heavy metal pollution, in order to explore the differences among different assessment methods and the reasons for the differences of the results, as well as to choose a more reasonable and operable method, we calculated Nemerow index and compound index according to single factor index. We used ArcGIS to overlay the spatial variation of Nemerow index and compound index and obtained the areas with different levels. Then we compared and analyzed the results.[Results] According to Nemerow Index Method, 1.73% of the study area was slight pollution, with an area of 292.87 hm2, and 0.15% of the study area was moderate pollution, with an area of 24.82 hm2. The result based on Compound Index Method indicated that the areas with slight pollution, moderate pollution and heavy pollution were 494.74 hm2, 138.71 hm2 and 11.30 hm2, respectively, which were 2.92%, 0.82% and 0.07% in percentage. The results of above-mentioned two methods were inconsistent in the region of 739.12 hm2 (i.e. 4.36% of the study area). The warning area based on Nemerow index and the compound index slight pollution were overlapped in 1.93% of the study area, whereas Nemerow index slight pollution area and the moderate pollution area according to compound index were overlapped in 0.74% of the area. The overlap areas for these two cases were 327.05 hm2 and 125.18 hm2, respectively. At the same time, 0.07% of the study area, with an area of 11.30 hm2, was predicted to be moderate pollution according to Nemerow index, and was estimated as heavy pollution area using compound index. We selected 4 spots for the areas with inconsistent estimations using a random function. The Nemerow index of spot b was 0.811, indicating a level of warning; while the compound index was 1.038, indicating slight pollution.[Conclusions] Nemerow Index Method will reduce its index in the calculation process. And when the maximum of single factor is large, but the average index is small, Nemerow Index Method may reduce the level. Compound Index Method can avoid these problems. Therefore, Compound Index Method can reflect the regional soil environmental quality more objectively and reasonably, thus it should be popularized and used in practical work.
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XUE Zhibin, LI Ling, ZHANG Shaokai, DONG Jing. Comparative study between Nemerow Index Method and Compound Index Method for the risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution. SSWC, 2018, 16(2): 119-125.
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2018, Vol. 16 
