岩溶区水土保持综合治理技术效益分析——以官脉地小流域、高枧槽小流域为例

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.03.009

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摘要岩溶区存在季节性干旱缺水、土壤贫瘠易流失、农业生产力低、经济水平较低等关键问题。本文以云南曲靖市沾益区的官脉地小流域和马龙县的高枧槽小流域为例，应用解决上述问题的治理技术，并研究其效益。对含设施安装的技术，参照指标分值及权重，调查6个指标包括核心区前期争取、农户参与、受益农户满意度、非受益农户意愿、投资成本、回报，其中前4项指标由项目组成员、供应商技术施工人员、当地水务局项目联络人、技术受益农户、技术实施地非受益农户打分取均值，依照实际情况对成本和回报打分，加权平均后评价其应用效益；对巨菌草种植和土壤改良技术，设置田间对照试验，观测叶片、株高、产量、根生物量、土壤水分和土壤化学成分，对比评价其效益。结果表明：1）水资源优化配置技术应用效益评价为：光伏提水（7.8） > 模块化水柜（6.9） > 柔性水窖（6.15），技术实施后灌溉受益面积达到63 hm²；2）水资源高效利用技术应用效益评价为：滴灌（7.65） > 降解膜覆盖保墒（6.3） > 吊袋管引（5.4） > 低成本渗灌（5.2），技术实施后用水效率提高30%；3）土壤改良使巨菌草和玉米的植株更大，玉米增产8.82%，巨菌草增产17%，土壤化学成分高6.54%~22.87%；4）种植巨菌草与种植玉米比较，巨菌草根系错综庞大，根重高6倍，土壤含水量高48%，地上植株饲养牛可增加经济收入24万元/hm²。各项技术应用效果良好，可综合治理岩溶区存在问题，为区内水土保持综合治理决策和同类地区技术应用提供借鉴。

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	李海燕
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关键词 ：岩溶区, 光伏提水, 滴灌, 巨菌草, 土壤改良, 水土保持综合治理

Abstract：[Background] There are some key problems such as seasonal drought and water shortage poor soil loss, low agricultural productivity, low economic level in Karst regions. In this paper, taking the Guanmaidi Watersheds of Zhanyi county and the Gaojiancao Watersheds of Malong county in Qujing city of Yunnan province as an example, the research group popularized techniques of controlling the above problems and studied their benefits.[Methods] With reference to index value and weight, the research group investigated six indexes including pre-persuading of the core area, farmer participation, the satisfaction of the beneficiary, willingness of non-beneficiary, cost of investment, and return. The first four indexes were scored by the members of the project group, the supplier technical constructors, project liaison of the local water bureau, the beneficiary and non-beneficiary, and the cost and return were scored in accordance with the actual situation. The research group evaluated application benefit of techniques with facilities installation through weighting average score of above indexes. The benefits of the demonstration of planting Pennisetum giganteum z. x. lin and soil improvement were evaluated though setting up field controlled experiment, observing and comparing indexes such as leaf, plant height, yield, root biomass, soil moisture and soil chemical composition[Results] 1) The benefits evaluation of optimal allocation technology of water technologies were in the order as:Photovoltaic pumping (7.8) > modular water tank (6.9) > flexible water cellar (6.15), and the area of irrigation benefit reached 63 hm² after applying optimal allocation technology of water technologies. 2) The benefits evaluation of highly efficient utilization technology were in the order as:Drip irrigation (7.65) > plastic mulching with degradation membrane (6.3) > irrigation with drip bag (5.4) > infiltration irrigation with low-cost device (5.2), and the efficiency of water utilization increased by 30% after applying highly efficient utilization technology. 3) After soil improvement,the plants of corn and P. giganteum z. x. lin were bigger, the yield of corn increased by 8.82%, the yield of P. giganteum z. x. lin increased by 17%, the chemical composition of the soil increased by 6.54%-22.87%. 4) Compared the planting of corn with the planting of P. giganteum z. x. lin, the root of P. giganteum z. x. lin were intricate and massive, the root weight was 6 times higher and the soil water content was 48% higher. Feeding cattle using the plant of P. giganteum z. x. lin increased economic income by 240 000 RMB Yuan per ha comparing with corn.[Conclusions] These promotions of technologies mentioned above had obtained favorable effects, and comprehensively harnessing the existing problems in karst areas, which can be used as reference for the comprehensive management decision of soil and water conservation in the region and the application of technology in similar region.

Key words： Karst region photovoltaic pumping drip irrigation Pennisetum giganteum z. x. lin soil improvement comprehensive control of soil and water conservation

收稿日期: 2017-12-08

PACS:

S157.2

基金资助:水利部科技推广项目云南典型岩溶区水土保持综合治理集成技术应用（TG1411）

作者简介: 李海燕(1985-),女,硕士,工程师。主要研究方向:生态修复理论与技术。E-mail:heipiniu@163.com

引用本文:

李海燕¹, 丁剑宏¹, 柏勇², 吴昊¹, 张凤³. 岩溶区水土保持综合治理技术效益分析——以官脉地小流域、高枧槽小流域为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(3): 68-78.
LI Haiyan, DING Jianhong, BAI Yong, WU Hao, ZHANG Feng. Promotion effects of comprehensive control technologies of soil and water conservation in Karst region:A case study of the Guanmaidi Watershed and the Gaojiancao Watershed. SSWC, 2018, 16(3): 68-78.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.03.009 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I3/68

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