间伐强度对华北落叶松林穿透雨和树干茎流的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.03.010

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (11)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要量化间伐强度和林分特征对降雨分配的影响，可为基于水文基础的森林管理提供科学依据。利用传统水文学方法，在宁夏六盘山香水河小流域华北落叶松人工林设置4个间伐强度的处理与未经过间伐的对照林分，进行穿透雨、树干茎流对比。结果表明：研究期间总降雨量为507.2 mm，华北落叶松对照林分穿透雨量为56.6%，穿透雨量随着间伐强度增大而增大，分别占总降雨量的62.1%、60.9%、68.6%和74.5%；树干茎流量随着间伐强度增大而减小，分别占总降雨量的0.91%、0.73%、0.54%、0.37%和0.36%；与对照相比，截留量分别减少5.3%、4.0%、11.5%和17.3%。穿透雨量与叶面积指数、郁闭度、胸高断面积和林分密度都呈线性负相关，这些变量和总降雨量形成的指数方程（T=Re^aX）可以很好地模拟穿透雨量（R²=0.95）。华北落叶松林为30年左右时，间伐强度为43.0%~53.4%（林分密度844~1 033株/hm²）是增加六盘山地区华北落叶松穿透雨量的最优范围，有利于实现林分结构稳定和区域用水安全等多重要求。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	曹恭祥
	王云霓
	王彦辉
	徐丽宏
	季蒙

关键词 ：间伐, 穿透雨, 树干茎流, 华北落叶松, 宁夏六盘山

Abstract：[Background] Quantifying the effects of different forest thinning intensities and stand structure on the partitioning of rainfall aims at providing scientific evidences in the forest management based on hydrology.[Methods] The designed experiment included 5 plots with the same slope orientation in a small catchment named Xiangshuihe of Liupan Mountains, Ningxia. All of the plots, with equal areas of 30 m×30 m, were on a slope and were laid out in a homogeneous Larix principis-ruprecitii plantation. One plot was not thinned and the other plots were thinned at four different intensities:14.1%, 37.4%, 43.0% and 53.4%, respectively. Twenty throughfall collectors (diameter 20 cm) for each plot were mechanically arranged and the throughfall under canopy in each rainfall event was collected from May to October 2012. Stemflow was also measured in each rainfall event in the growing season of 2012. In each treatment, 2 diameter classes were defined after thinning, and one representative sample tree per diameter class was selected for each. The bark on each sample tree was scraped off to smooth the surface in preparation for the fitting of a plastic collar. After the plastic collars were attached, plastic tubes were inserted into small holes located in the lowest part of the collars to collect the water in containers. The throughfall and stem-flow, was measured 17 times during the experiment time. Differences in the accumulated values of throughfall and stemflow among the treatments were analyzed with ANOVA.[Results] During the experiment period, the bulk rainfall was 507.2 mm, and the throughfall of L. principis-ruprecitii plantation in the control accounted 56.6% of total precipitation; whereas throughfall increased significantly with the increase of thinning intensity, and was 62.1%, 60.9%, 68.6% and 74.5% of the bulk rainfall, respectively corresponding to the thinning intensity of 14.1%, 37.4%, 43.0% and 53.4%. Stemflow decreased significantly with the increase of thinning intensity, and was 0.91%, 0.73%, 0.54%, 0.37% and 0.36% of the bulk rainfall, respectively corresponding to the thinning intensity of 14.1%, 37.4%, 43.0% and 53.4%. The canopy interception decreased 5.3%, 4.0%, 11.5% and 17.3%, respectively while compared with the control. Total throughfall was negatively and linearly correlated to the leaf area index, forest coverage, basal area, and tree density. In contrast, throughfall was modelled by considering these variables together with bulk rainfall in a multiple exponential expression(T=Re^aX), which simulated the throughfall with R²=0.95.[Conclusions] The results and prediction accuracy of the model may offer scientific basis for forest management based on hydrological basis. When the L. principis-ruprecitii was about 30 a, the thinning intensities was 43.0%-53.4% (Stand density:844-1 300 Trees/hm²) was the optimal range for increasing the throughfall in Liupan Mountains. Such ideal stand structure will be conducive to realizing the multiple goals,including the stable stand structure and regional water safety.

Key words： thinning throughfall stemflow Larix principis-ruprecitii plantation Liupan Mountains in Ningxia

收稿日期: 2017-09-03

PACS:

S715.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划课题"区域生态安全评估与预警技术"（2017YFC0506606）；国家重点研发计划课题"华北落叶松高效培育技术"（2017YFD0600403）；国家自然科学基金"基于景观格局演变的泾河上游土壤水空间格局形成机制与尺度效应"（41471029）

通讯作者: 季蒙(1962-),男,研究员。主要研究方向:森林培育,森林生态。E-mail:jimeng04@tom.com E-mail: jimeng04@tom.com

作者简介: 曹恭祥(1984-),男,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向:森林水文,森林生态。E-mail:caogongxiang1984@163.com

引用本文:

曹恭祥^1,2, 王云霓¹, 王彦辉², 徐丽宏², 季蒙¹. 间伐强度对华北落叶松林穿透雨和树干茎流的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(3): 79-85.
CAO Gongxiang, WANG Yunni, WANG Yanhui, XU Lihong, JI Meng. Effects of thinning intensity on throughfall and stemflow of Larix principis-ruprecitii plantations. SSWC, 2018, 16(3): 79-85.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.03.010 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I3/79

[1]	郭忠升,邵明安.黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条锦鸡儿人工林对土壤水分的影响[J].林业科学, 2010,46(12):1. GUO Zhongsheng, SHAO Mingan. Effect of artificial Caragana korshinskii forest on soil water in the semiarid area of loess hilly region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(12):1.
[2]	SCHILLER G, COHEN Y. Water balance of Pinus halepensis Mill afforestation in an arid region[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,1998,105,121.
[3]	MOLINA A J, DEL CAMPO A D. The effects of experimental thinning on throughfall and stemflow:A contribution towards hydrology-oriented silviculture in Aleppo pine plantations[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, 269:206.
[4]	LLORENS P, DOMINGO F. Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions:A review of studies in Europe[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2007, 335, 37.
[5]	马雪华. 森林水文学[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社,1993:79. MA Xuehua. Forest hydrology[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 1993:79.
[6]	曹恭祥,王绪芳,熊伟,等.宁夏六盘山人工林和天然林生长季的蒸散特征[J]. 应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2089. CAO Gongxiang, WANG Xufang, XIONG Wei, et al.Evapotranspiration characteristics of artificial and natural forests in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia, China during growth season[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(8):2089.
[7]	张淑兰,王彦辉,于澎涛,等. 定量区分人类活动和降水量变化对泾河上游径流变化的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(4):53. ZHANG Shulan, WANG Yanhui, YU Pengtao, et al. Study for separating the impact of precipitation variation and human activities on runoff change of the upper reaches of Jing River[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(4):53.
[8]	KARLSSON A, ALBREKTSON A, ELFVING B, et al. Development of Pinus sylvestris main stems following three different precommercial thinning methods in a mixed stand[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2002,17:256.
[9]	龚固堂,牛牧,慕长龙,等. 间伐强度对柏木人工林生长及林下植物的影响[J]. 林业科学,2015,51(4):8. GONG Gutang, NIU Mu,MU Changlong, et al. Impacts of different thinning intensities on growth of Cupressus funebris plantation and understory plants[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2015, 51(4):8.
[10]	PARROTTA J A, FRANCIS J K, KNOWLES O H. Harvesting intensity affects forest structure and composition in an upland Amazonian forest[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2002,169:243.
[11]	马履一,李春义,王希群,等. 不同强度问伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(5):1. MA Lüyi, LI Chunyi, WANG Xiqun, el al. Effects of thinning on the growth and the diversity of undergrowth of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Beijing mountainous areas[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007,43(5):1.
[12]	孙浩,杨民益,余杨春,等. 宁夏六盘山几种典型水源涵养林林分结构与水文功能的关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2014,12(1):10. SUN Hao, YANG Minyi, YU Yangchun, et al.Relationship between stand structure and hydrological functions of typical water conservation forests in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014,12(1):10.
[13]	STEDNICK J D. Monitoring the effects of timber harvest on annual water yield[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1996, 176:79.
[14]	ABOAL J R, JIMENEZ M S, MORALES D, et al. Effects of thinning on throughfall in Canary Islands pine forest:The role of fog[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2000, 238:218.
[15]	OISHI A C, OREN R, STOY P C. Estimating components of forest evapotranspiration:A footprint approach for scaling sap flux measurements[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2008, 148:1719.
[16]	GANATSIOS H P, TSIORASB P A, PAVLIDISA T. Water yield changes as a result of silvicultural treatments in an oak ecosystem[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010,260(8):1367.
[17]	王晶,莫菲,段文标,等.六盘山南坡不同密度华北落叶松水源林生长过程比较[J]. 应用生态学报,2009, 20(3):500. WANG Jing, MO Fei, DUAN Wenbiao, et al. Growth process of Larix principris-rupprechtii stands with different density on south slope of Liupan Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009, 20(3):500.
[18]	曹恭祥,王彦辉,熊伟,等.基于土壤水分承载力的林分密度计算与调控:以六盘山华北落叶松人工林为例[J]. 林业科学研究,2014, 27(2):133. CAO Gongxiang, WANG Yanhui, XIONG Wei, et al. Calculation and regulation of forest stand density according to soil water carrying capacity:A case of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation in Liupan Mountains[J]. Forest Research, 2014, 27(2):133.
[19]	徐丽宏,时忠杰,王彦辉,等.六盘山主要植被类型冠层截留特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(10):2487. XU Lihong, SHI Zhongjie, WANG Yanhui, et al.Canopy interception characteristics of main vegetation types in Liupan Mountains of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(10):2487.
[20]	魏曦,毕华兴,梁文俊.基于Gash模型对华北落叶松和油松人工林冠层截留的模拟[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):27. WEI Xi, BI Huaxing, LIANG Wenjun. Canopy interception simulation of Larix principi-rupprechtii and Pinus tabulaeformis forests in northern China based on Gash model[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 15(6):27.