粤北南岭典型林分旱雨季冠层降水化学变化

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023140

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摘要全球气候变化背景下,降水时空分布不均导致季节性干旱形势愈发严峻。为探讨旱雨季时期亚热带典型林分冠层对降水化学的分配和淋溶特征,以南岭针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林为研究对象,对大气降水、穿透水和树干茎流pH、TN、TP、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、Cu、Cd、Pb和Cr⁶⁺质量浓度进行测定及分析。结果表明:1)旱季大气降水呈酸性,经常绿阔叶林冠层后pH值为6.82,降水酸性得到缓冲。2)大气降水化学输入主要以氮磷养分为主,重金属输入量仅占1.19%~1.44%;雨季大气降水化学输入总量高于旱季,雨季为4 198.4 g/hm²,旱季为3 251.5 g/hm²。3)旱季常绿阔叶林冠层中和作用优于其他2种林分,旱季3种林分穿透水和树干茎流中化学物质浓度多高于雨季,旱季3种林分冠层对降水化学成分表现为淋溶作用,雨季仅有针阔混交林(含竹)冠层对降水化学淋溶作用明显。4) Cu在冠层降水中的淋溶程度极高,净淋溶沉积比介于1.22~16.4之间,可能是致使水体污染的重要指标。

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	王宁
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	甘先华

关键词 ：水源涵养, 旱雨季, 冠层降水, 淋溶效应, 养分, 重金属元素, 南岭

Abstract：[Background] With the change of precipitation pattern under the background of global climate change, there are seasonal differences in the chemical content of throughfall and stemflow. The ion concentration of throughfall and stemflow showed a bimodal pattern, and the ion concentration was basically lower in the rainy season than in the dry season. The dry and rainy seasons in the subtropical region are distinct, which may make the chemical characteristics of precipitation in the subtropical forest canopy show seasonal differences. Based on this, this study relies on the Guangdong Nanling Forest Ecological Station to analyze the chemical characteristics of precipitation in typical forest canopy in this area, and compare the response of atmospheric precipitation chemical composition to different types of forest canopy in dry and rainy seasons. [Methods] Water samples were collected immediately after the precipitation events in March, May, July 2022 and January 2023. The detection indexes were pH, TN, TP, NH⁺₄-N, NO^-₃-N, Cu, Cd, Pb and Cr⁶⁺. The mass concentration and flux of chemical substances in different hydrological components of typical forest were calculated, and the difference of chemical substance concentration in different hydrological components was compared by one-way analysis of variance. [Results] The results showed that the atmospheric precipitation in the dry season is acidic, and the pH value after the evergreen broad-leaved forest canopy is 6.82, and the acidity of the precipitation is buffered. The chemical input of atmospheric precipitation is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, and the input of heavy metals only accounts for 1.19%-1.44%. The total chemical input of atmospheric precipitation in the rainy season is higher than that in the dry season, which was 4 198.4 g/hm² in the rainy season and 3 251.5 g/hm² in the dry season. In the dry season, the canopy neutralization of evergreen broad-leaved forest is better than that of the other two forests. The concentrations of chemical substances in the throughfall and stemflow of the three forests in the dry season are higher than those in the rainy season. In the dry season, the canopy of the three forest stands show leaching effect on the chemical composition of precipitation. In the rainy season, only the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (having bamboo) canopy has obvious chemical leaching effect on precipitation. The leaching degree of Cu in canopy precipitation is extremely high, and the net leaching deposition ratio is between 1.22 and 16.4. [Conclusions] In this study, the hydrological process monitoring of different forest communities in Nanling Mountains is carried out. However, due to the randomness of precipitation events and the great influence of complex environment in the field on hydrological observation, the conclusions obtained by using precipitation water quality data in different months need to be further observed and verified for a long time, and its internal mechanism and leaching law need to be further discussed.

Key words： water conservation dry and rainy season canopy precipitation leaching effect nutrient heavy metals Nanling Mountain

收稿日期: 2023-10-10

PACS:

S715.2

基金资助:广东省林业科研项目“林业生态监测网络平台运行”(2023KYXM09);广东省林业科技创新项目“东江源水资源维持的森林植被优化关键技术研究”(2021KJCX003);林草科技创新平台运行补助项目“广东东江源森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行”(2022132250);林草科技创新平台运行补助项目“广东南岭森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行”(2023132061)

通讯作者: 甘先华(1969—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向:森林生态学。E-mail:gdfri@163.com E-mail: gdfri@163.com

作者简介: 王宁(1998—),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:森林生态水文。E-mail:13475823960@163.com

引用本文:

王宁, 张卫强, 黄芳芳, 苏志尧, 吴国章, 甘先华. 粤北南岭典型林分旱雨季冠层降水化学变化[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(5): 83-92.
WANG Ning, ZHANG Weiqiang, HUANG Fangfang, SU Zhiyao, WU Guozhang, GAN Xianhua. Chemical changes of canopy precipitation in dry and rainy seasons of typical forest in Nanling Mountains,North Guangdong. SSWC, 2024, 22(5): 83-92.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023140 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I5/83

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