植物配置模式对红壤坡地土壤养分及其化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.02.012

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摘要为探究重建红壤坡地植被较长时间后不同植物配置模式对土壤养分及其化学计量特征的影响,以深圳市水土保持科技示范园内植被重建10a的红壤坡地径流小区为例,以裸地作为对照,分析草地、乔木林地、乔灌复合林地3种植物配置模式下0~10、10~20和40~50cm 3个不同深度土壤中有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)含量及土壤C、N、P生态化学计量特征。结果表明:1)植物对土壤养分的主要作用层是0~10cm表层土壤,乔灌复合林地对土壤SOC、TN和AN的截留效果最好,乔木林地对土壤TP和AP的截留效果最好;2)植被重建后表层土壤C∶N相对裸地有显著提升,但不同植物配置模式之间土壤C∶N无显著差异(P>0.05),乔灌复合林地表层土壤C∶P、N∶P均显著高于草地和林地(P<0.05);3)土壤C、N、P化学计量比的分布主要由C、N决定,土壤C、N耦合关系稳定,C∶P、N∶P与C、N之间呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01)。土壤养分及其化学计量比受土层和植被类型的影响,植被重建对改善红壤坡地土壤质量具有明显作用,乔灌复合林地对土壤C、N的提升效果优于乔木林地和草地,且具有较大的C∶P和N∶P,但研究区土壤氮素受土壤侵蚀作用更易流失,N为研究区植物生长的主要限制元素。研究结果可为深圳市水土流失区植被重建的优化配置和效果评价提供参考。

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关键词 ：土壤养分, 化学计量比, 植物配置, 红壤坡地, 深圳

Abstract：[Background] Intensive human activities and specific natural conditions cause soil and water losses in Shenzhen frequently occur. Plantation is the main measure to prevent soil erosion and restore ecological environment. Soil nutrient stoichiometry contains abundant information such as the interaction between vegetation and soil, and soil nutrient limitation on vegetation growth. Studying the soil nutrients and their stoichiometric characteristics after plantation is conducive to understanding the effect of vegetation improvement on soil quality, which is instructive to the soil erosion control and ecological restoration in this area. [Methods] In order to explore the effects of plant allocation patterns on soil nutrients and their stoichiometry in red soil slope after a long time of vegetation reconstruction, this paper selected plots in Shenzhen Soil and Water Conservation Demonstration Garden as an example, on which vegetation reconstruction has been implemented for 10 years. Soils in depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 40-50 cm were taken from the plots of three different plant allocation patterns (grass land, wood land, wood & shrub land), as well as bare land for comparison, and the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), alkaline nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and their stoichiometry were determined.[Results] 1) The main contributing layer of plants on soil nutrients was 0-10 cm surface layer. The improvement of surface soil SOC, TN and AN was the most significant in wood & shrub land, while the improvement of surface soil TP and AP was the most significant in wood land. 2) Surface soil C∶N significantly increased after vegetation reconstruction, but had no significant difference between the three plant allocation patterns (P>0.05). The surface soil C∶P and N∶P of wood & shrub land were both significantly higher than those of grass land and wood land (P<0.05). 3) The stoichiometric ratios of C, N, P were controlled by the amount of soil C and N. The coupling relationship between C and N was stable. Soil C∶P and N∶P had extremely significant positive correlations with C and N (P<0.01). [Conclusions] Soil nutrients and their stoichiometric characteristics are both influenced by soil depth and plant allocation patterns. Vegetation reconstruction demonstrate obvious effects on the improvement of soil quality. The improvement of soil C, N by wood & shrub with high C∶P and N∶P meanwhile is more significant than the independent performance of woods and grasses. N is the main limiting element of vegetation growth in the study area as it is more easily lost by soil erosion. The results of this study can provide references for the optimal allocation and performance evaluation of vegetation reconstruction in the soil erosion area of Shenzhen.

Key words： soil nutrient stoichiometry plant allocation red soil slope Shenzhen

收稿日期: 2021-03-17

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"非稳定状态下地下水滞留时间分布特征及地下水流系统模式识别研究"(41807219);深圳市水务发展专项资金项目"典型水土保持植物配置模式对消减城市面源污染的功能研究"(CKSK2017819/TB), "深圳市典型区水土保持措施生态优化技术研究" (CKSK2017820/TB);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目"非稳定状态下地下水滞留时间分布特征及地下水循环模式识别研究"(CKSF2019170/TB)

通讯作者: 王志刚(1981-),男,博士,教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向:土壤地理和土壤侵蚀。E-mail:wangzg@mail.crsri.cn E-mail: wangzg@mail.crsri.cn

作者简介: 王家乐(1989-),男,博士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:水土保持与生态环境。E-mail:wangjiale@mail.crsri.cn

引用本文:

王家乐, 王志刚, 高阳, 许文盛. 植物配置模式对红壤坡地土壤养分及其化学计量特征的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(2): 89-98.
WANG Jiale, WANG Zhigang, GAO Yang, XU Wensheng. Effects of plant allocation patterns on soil nutrients and their stoichiometry in red soil slope. SSWC, 2022, 20(2): 89-98.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.02.012 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I2/89

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