基于SWAT模型的渠江流域径流侵蚀功率时空规律分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023084

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摘要探明流域径流侵蚀功率的演变规律对重点侵蚀区识别和土壤侵蚀防治至关重要。以嘉陵江右岸支流渠江流域为研究区,基于SWAT模型模拟计算流域径流侵蚀功率,分析其时空分布特征与空间尺度效应,并通过聚类分析、相关性分析揭示其对流域气象、地形、土壤等因素的关系。结果表明:渠江流域年尺度的径流侵蚀功率大于季尺度,其中第3季度为土壤侵蚀重点防治时段;全年和第3季度的多年平均径流侵蚀功率均呈现出北部大南部小、西部大东部小、上游大下游小的空间分布特征;渠江干流与其支流大通江的多年平均径流侵蚀功率和流域控制面积之间均呈幂指数关系,且其变化规律存在空间阈值,在年尺度干流和大通江的阈值面积分别为8549.4和8504.4 km²,在第3季度干流和大通江的阈值面积分别为4834.9和6223.5 km²;气象因子、地形因子和流域形态因子为渠江流域径流侵蚀功率的主要影响因素。研究结果可为制订渠江流域土壤侵蚀治理方案提供决策依据。

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	黄幸
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	李斌斌

关键词 ： SWAT模型, 径流侵蚀功率, 时空分布, 空间尺度效应, 渠江流域

Abstract：[Background] Soil erosion destroys soil and water resources, exacerbates natural disasters such as droughts and floods, and threatens human survival and development. Qujiang River Basin is severely affected by soil erosion, and runoff erosion power can reflect dynamic characteristics of water erosion better than rainfall erosion force. Therefore, it's important to use runoff erosion power theory to study erosion in Qujiang River Basin to reveal mechanism of water-sand response.[Methods] This paper took Qujiang River Basin as a research object, calculating seasonal as well as annual runoff erosion power based on runoff,which was simulated by SWAT model in terms of utilizing meteorological forcing data such as precipitation, temperature, wind etc. In addition, features of spatial-temporal pattern and effects of spatial scale were analyzed. Cluster and correlation method were adopted for investigation into relationships between runoff erosion power with meteorological, topographic and soil conditions.[Results] 1) The constructed SWAT model had high accuracy in runoff simulation and good applicability in Qujiang River Basin. R² and NS coefficients were 0.69 and above, while PBIAS coefficient was below 16.72 % in both parameter rate setting period and validation period. 2) In aspect of time, annual runoff erosion power outweighed that in season. However, erosion during season Ⅲ was more serious than that in other season, which requires more attention on soil erosion prevention and control. Besides, runoff erosion power for whole year and for season III demonstrated a decreasing trend from north to south, west to east and up to down inspace. 3) The thresholds of drainage control area for whole year in Qujiang river and Datong river were 8 549.4 and 8 504.4 km² respectively, while those for season III were 4 834.9 and 6 223.5 km² respectively, indicating runoff erosion power decreased smoothly with increasing area when the area was larger than spatial thresholds,then gradually tended to a stable value. 4) Meteorological, topographic and watershed morphological characters were main factors influenced runoff erosion power in Qujiang River Basin. Erosion in upstream area of basin presented greater performance than downstream, due to the steep topography, uneven precipitation distribution and morphological ease of runoff generation and flow concentration processes in upper reaches.[Conclusions] This paper illustrated feasibility of SWAT model and its simulated outcome in Qujiang River Basin. The spatial-temporal runoff erosion power characteristics together with impacts are closely related to meteorological constituents, terrain and basin shape. Therefore, the results contribute to effective identification of key sand producing areas in watershed, and also provide supports for soil erosion prevention, ecology restoration and environmental carrying capacity enhancement.

Key words： SWAT model runoff erosion power temporal and spatial distribution spatial scale effect Qujiang River Basin

收稿日期: 2023-05-08

PACS:	S157.1
	P333

基金资助:国家自然科学基金“基于侵蚀能量过程的集合式流域水土流失预报模型”(U2040208),“陕北黄土高原区人-水耦合系统互馈及协同进化机理研究”(52179024)

通讯作者: 莫淑红(1972-),女,博士,教授。主要研究方向:旱区水文及水资源。E-mail:moshuhong@xaut.edu.cn E-mail: moshuhong@xaut.edu.cn

作者简介: 黄幸(2000-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:水文水资源。E-mail:809319042@qq.com

引用本文:

黄幸, 莫淑红, 李平治, 乔殿新, 李斌斌. 基于SWAT模型的渠江流域径流侵蚀功率时空规律分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(2): 25-33.
HUANG Xing, MO Shuhong, LI Pingzhi, QIAO Dianxin, LI Binbin. Spatial and temporal analysis of runoff erosion power in Qujiang River Basin based on SWAT model. SSWC, 2024, 22(2): 25-33.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023084 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I2/25

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