Evaluation of ecological effects of the natural forest protection program in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia
HUANG Longsheng, WANG Bing, NIU Xiang, SONG Qingfeng
Research Institute of Forest Ecology and Environment Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration;Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit trees, 100091, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Due to the bitter experiences from the severe flood calamity in 1998, China initiated the natural forest protection project (NFPP). It aims to improve the environmental conditions of weak and unstable, and has been called the world's largest ecological restoration project. For implementing the NFPP, government has invested huge sum of money for forest infrastructure construction, forest tending, artificial renewal and pest control; naturally, all sectors of society would have concerned what are the ecological effects after its implementation. [Methods] Based on Ⅱ forest resources in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia in 2000 and 2015, and compiling with the forest ecosystem services assessment specification (LY/T1721—2008) and the distributed measurement method, we evaluated the ecological effects and economic value of this ecological restoration project in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Total 6 ecological functions were evaluated before and after the implementation of NFPP, i.e., water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, forest nutrient accumulation, atmosphere environmental purification, and biodiversity protection. [Results] 1) During the implementation of NFPP, the increment of the amount of water regulation and soil fixation was 157.57×108 and 2.38×108 t, respectively. The amount of fertility maintenance, carbon fixation, oxygen release, and forest nutrient accumulation increased by 1 717.74×104, 1 573.03×104, 3 808.19×104 , and 127.83×104 t, respectively. The amount of negative ion supply, pollutant absorption, and dust detaining increased by 6.70×1025, 4.29×108 kg, and 1 473.32×108 kg, respectively. 2) Values of each ecological function both showed an increasing trend, the total value of this ecological restoration project increased RMB 636.645 billion Yuan and it was 3.53 times as much as the total investment of the NFPP. 3) The total value of ecological benefits in the provinces from high to low rate growth was Inner Mongolia (65.63%), Heilongjiang (50.24%), and Jilin (34.59%). 4) The implementation of the NFPP in the key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia showed great potential for ecological benefit and sustainable development. This ecological restoration project was an effective way to alleviate the continuous degradation of forest vegetation, the serious deforestation of natural forests and the prominent contradiction between forest protection and economic development in this study area. [Conclusion] Over time, the NFPP will play better ecological benefits and great potential for development. Study on ecological effects of the NFPP in the Yellow River, Yangtze River and the Xinjiang and Hainan areas is also the focus of future work. Accordingly and wishfully, it will provide scientific reference for the follow-up of the NFPP.
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HUANG Longsheng, WANG Bing, NIU Xiang, SONG Qingfeng. Evaluation of ecological effects of the natural forest protection program in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. SSWC, 2017, 15(1): 89-96.
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2017, Vol. 15 
