This study aims to construct a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanism of the digital transformation of archives in response to the practical imperative for the high-quality development of archives work. Findings reveal that the digital transformation of archives undergoes three stages: technological integration, systemic restructuring, and ecosystem construction, presenting an evolutionary logic from tool substitution to a systemic ecosystem, and further to ecological innovation. The theoretical connotation of this transformation is embodied in a technology-driven systemic change, value-oriented modernization of governance, and a dynamic balancing process of ecological collaboration. Its extension covers multi-dimensional domains including technological application, institutional innovation, dissemination of practice, and stakeholder participation. The mechanistic framework reveals the relationships between technology, institutions, practices, and actors, shaped by multi-actor interaction, the coupling of driving factors, and the interplay of institutional logics. This study offers a new perspective for understanding the transformation and development of archives work in the digital era and provides a theoretical reference for advancing the modernization of archives governance.