The symbol of Chinese civilization is a representative symbol and iconic symbol formed by the Chinese nation in the long history. As an important carrier of the inheritance of Chinese civilization, archives documentary heritage, with its original and continuous endowment, can enable the construction of the marking system of Chinese civilization in the aspects of civilization evolution, cultural cohesion, social identity and mutual learning of civilization. The purpose of this study is to respond to the mission of the times to construct the marking system of Chinese civilization, to take root in the practice of Chinese archives documentary heritage, to deeply analyze the theoretical mechanism of the transformation of archives documentary heritage from memory carrier to cultural symbol, and to explore its unique value as the empirical support of historical roots, the narrative resources of multiculturalism, the identification symbol of social identity and the strategic fulcrum of global dialogue in the construction of the identification system. It is further proposed to realize the excavation, extraction, display and dissemination of archives documentary heritage through practical paths such as system guarantee, activation protection, narrative development and all-media communication, so as to help the creative transformation of Chinese civilization identification from national symbols to world languages, and provide disciplinary contribution and archival strength for the construction of identification system.