As an ancient document unearthed the documents in the Western Regions, has great value in culture, history and relic. The restoration process of precious documents faces various risks. It is necessary to recognize the risks and take precautions before restoration. This paper takes two Tang Dynasty documents as examples which were unearthed in Hotan, Xinjiang province, and are now in the Museum of Renmin University of China, through the appearance investigation and internal inspection of the document to understand the existing disease and analyze the degree of disease. Firstly, analyzing the disease status, potential risk and causes during restoration work of documents in the Western Regions in order to identify the risk sources in the restoration. Secondly, estimating the likelihood as well as consequences of the occurrence of risk events to analysis the risk. Finally, grading the levels of risks by combining the repair process and different methods. It hopes to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the conservation and restoration of documents in the Western Regions in practical work.