The construction of archival science with Chinese characteristics has experienced a hard and glorious development process, and has good construction opportunities and broad development prospects. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, archival science discipline with Chinese characteristics has made remarkable achievements in personnel training, scientific research, cultural inheritance, social service, international exchange and cooperation, and teaching staff construction. Under the background of the construction of the "three systems" of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics, the discipline construction of archival science with Chinese characteristics is not only a solid foundation for constructing academic system, but also the basic core of constructing discourse system. The future development of archival science with Chinese characteristics in the new era needs to highlight the disciplinary advantages of archival science in closely cooperating with the central work of the Party and the state, truly recording and inheriting Chinese history and civilization, and effectively serving the people's production and life to meet the major needs of party construction and national development in the new era. Facing the new and old problems in the construction of archival science discipline in China, we should make up the shortcomings of archival science discipline, improve the construction of archival science discipline according to the construction standard of "Chinese characteristics" and "world-class" discipline, and expand the subject field of archival science in the new trend of interdisciplinary integration under the background of new liberal arts construction.