As a very important traditional handmade paper in the history of Chinese paper making, the crafts of making wax dusted paper have almost been lost. The research on the raw materials and characteristics of this special type of paper will play an important role in the protection and restoration of the archives and documents used the wax dusted paper, as well as the inheritance and replication of the traditional wax dusted paper making techniques. The orange wax dusted paper which is sprinkled gold on one side used for an imperial edict of Qing Dynasty in the Archices of Tibet Autonomous Region was chosen as the subject of this study. Through the use of scanning electron microscope（SEM）, optical microscope, Raman spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectromete（FTIR）, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer（XRF）and other instruments or equipment, the composition and structure of it were observed, detected and analyzed. The results showed that the paper was double-layered and made of pure wingceltis bark. Calcined gypsum was added as the filler and the paper was treated with rosin and alum. Both the front and back sides of the paper were dyed with miniumite, and the animal glue was used as the adhesive of the pigment. Finally, the Chinese insect wax was applied on the surface of the paper. Miniumite as the main coloring component, is not stable under certain conditions, and some of it turned into lead white and lead dioxide.