The research investigates the professional identity and satisfaction of new archivists in China based on methodologies of questionnaires and depth interviews, mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis. On the basis of classified and cross statistics of 324 questionnaires, we find that professional identity and satisfaction of new archivists are at the average level. Professional identity and satisfaction vary with gender, education, knowledge, job category and career choice. According to the results of the survey and depth interviews, the main challenges of new archivists include the lack of career confidence, short of work ability and high working pressure. Consequently, individuals, employers, educational institutions and society can be tabled as proposal-makers to promote professional development and involvement about the professional identity and satisfaction.