东北黑土区坡耕地土壤团聚体稳定性与结构特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2020.06.006

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Abstract [Background] As an important grain production base in China, the black soil area of Northeast(NE) China suffers from serious soil erosion. Soil aggregate stability has profound impact on soil erosion processes. To compare the susceptibility of soil aggregates for surface/subsoil, different aggregate breakdown mechanisms should be considered. The objectives of this study were to assess the variations between surface soil and subsoil aggregate stability under different breakdown mechanisms, and to quantify changes of the micro-structural characteristics, provide theoretical basis for soil erosion control of slope farmland during rainy season. [Methods] Based on line-transect sampling, six typical slopes were selected as the research areas in the black soil region of NE China. Seventy-two top-surface (0-1 cm) and subsoil (1-10 cm) of undisturbed soil samples were collected from ridges and ditches on the typical slopes randomly. Soil aggregate stability was determined by Le Bissonnais (LB) method, including fast wetting (FW), slow wetting (SW) and stirring (ST) treatments, and structural characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil mechanical composition and pH were determined separately, to clarify the stability and structural differences of surface soil and subsoil aggregate. [Results] 1) The soil texture of each typical slope was loam, and the clay content was 15.6%-20%; CEC varied from 19.8 to 44.2 cmol/kg, and the surface soil was slightly higher than the subsoil. The average value of SOM in surface soil is 31.48 g/kg, which is lower than 40.78 g/kg in subsoil. The porosity of soil aggregates in the surface soil is slightly higher than that in the subsoil, but there is no significant difference. 2) Soil aggregates in FW treatment were mainly converted to <0.2 mm particle size, and the conversion ratio of surface soil was 62.6%-76.2%, and that of subsoil<50%;. After SW treatment, soil aggregate was mainly converted to>0.2 mm particle size, and the conversion ratio of subsoil was 1.11-5.69 times that of the surface soil. After ST treatment, the subsoil aggregate>5 mm particle size accounted for 65%, and the surface soil was 39.8%. 3) The SEM area porosity of soil aggregates varied from 7.43% to 23%, and the porosity of the surface soil aggregates was higher than that of the subsoil aggregates. Under FW treatment, soil aggregates with high porosity tended to be breakdown; the lower the SOM and CEC were, the higher the soil aggregate porosity was. Compared with subsoil aggregates, surface soil aggregates had more porosity and larger average area. [Conclusions] 1) The subsoil aggregate stability is significantly higher than that of the surface soil, and represents the order as MWD_FW < MWD_SW < MWD_ST. 2) There is a significant positive correlation between MWD and SOM of soil aggregates, and shows a significant negative correlation with soil porosity. MWD_FW can be used as a key indicator for the stability of black soil aggregates. 3) The stability of soil aggregates in typical black soil area is mainly determined by pore size and quantity.

Key words： Le Bissonnais method soil aggregate stability scanning electron microscope typical black soil area

Received: 18 November 2019

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S157

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	LIANG Chunlin
	WANG Bin
	ZHANG Wenlong

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LIANG Chunlin,WANG Bin,ZHANG Wenlong. Stability and structural characteristics of soil aggregates on sloping farmland in black soil region, Northeast China[J]. SSWC, 2020, 18(6): 43-52.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/EN/10.16843/j.sswc.2020.06.006 OR http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/EN/Y2020/V18/I6/43

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