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| Unpaved road erosion in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau and its impacting factors based on LiDAR |
| LI Pengfei1, LI Weiguang1, WENG Xuexian2, HU Jinfei1, GAO Chendi1, LI Yancheng3, GAO Jianjian4, DANG Tianmin5 |
1. College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 710054, Xi'an, China;
2. Jiangxi Yushan Water Conservancy Bureau, 334700, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China;
3. Shaanxi Dot Cloud Technology Co. Ltd, 710199, Xi'an, China;
4. Suide Soil and Water Conservation Scientific Experimental Station of Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission, 719000, Yulin, Shaanxi, China;
5. Yellow River Basin Monitoring Center of Water-Soil Conservation and Evo-Environment, 710021, Xi'an, China |
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Abstract [Background] Unpaved roads, widespread in the hilly and gully of Loess Plateau, China, have been suffering from severe soil erosion, adversely impacting the traffic and transportation as well as threatening socio-economic development. However, little was known about the spatial development and underlying mechanisms of unpaved road erosion, largely constraining the control of road erosion.[Methods] Using various methods such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) light detection and ranging (LiDAR), UAV photogrammetry and field survey, this study investigated the morphological pattern of unpaved road erosion in a small catchment (Qiaogou) of the hilly and gully Loess Plateau and explored the relationship between road erosion intensity (E) and associated impacting factors. Road erosion models were then established and validated using the field data from another catchment (Yangou catchment) in the hilly and gully Loess Plateau.[Results] 1) The slope gradient of each road segment and gullies decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the ratio of width to depth and density of gullies as well as erosion intensity did not change significantly (P>0.05) from the head to the outlet of the Qiaogou catchment. 2) The major influencing factors of unpaved road erosion were catchment area (R2=0.60, P<0.01) and slope gradient of road segment (R2=0.54, P<0.01), followed by road segment length (R2=0.20, P<0.05), and visible-band difference vegetation index (R2=0.01, P<0.67) and slope gradient of drainage area (R2=0.02, P=0.53) were of the least influence. 3) The road erosion intensity model was constructed based on individual road segment slope (Gr) and drainage area (Ac) factors as well as their combination respectively. The developed models were expressed as E=0.87Ac+77 759.67 (R2=0.60, P<0.01), E=8 707.23Gr-49 252.46 (R2=0.54, P<0.01) and E=-0.56Ac+5 783.06Gr-11 748.78 (R2=0.80, P<0.01). The accuracy of the road segment slope model was verified using the available road erosion measurements in the Yangou catchment to be satisfactory (R2=0.92, P<0.01), demonstrating the applicability of the established models in the hilly and gully Loess Plateau.[Conclusions] The achieved results enhanced current understanding on the processes and mechanisms of unpaved road erosion and provided a useful reference for the prediction and control of road erosion on the Chinese Loess Plateau.
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Received: 14 April 2022
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