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| Effects of sloping land on the runoff and sediment on catchment area in Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming. |
| WANG Kunxiang, WANG Keqin |
| School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, 650224, Kunming, China |
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Abstract [Background] China is one of countries having the most serious soil erosion disaster in the world, it is across the country and it is serious. It is the concentrated reflection of various kinds of ecological problems, and results in the serious threat to food and ecological security. The study of soil and water loss mainly focuses on runoff plots, and the research on catchment area is little.[Methods] Two kinds of catchment area were selected at Yizhe small watershed in Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming. The area of the mixed catchment area (L+P) was 0.42 km2, it included woodland catchment area (L) and sloping land. Runoff and sediment yield characteristics were monitored continuously under the natural rainfall condition. According to the long-term and effective monitoring data of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield, the dynamic change process of runoff and sediment yield would be quantitatively and qualitatively described.[Results] 1) Runoff of mixed catchment area was higher under the strong rainfall condition, it was 9.31 times that of the woodland catchment area. Runoff coefficient and flow coefficient of variation were same as the runoff of mixed catchment area, they were 1.14 and 1.43 times that of the woodland catchment area respectively. 2) The sediment yield showed significant differences between the woodland catchment area and the mixed catchment area, they were 69.76 t/km2 and 359.10 t/km2 respectively. The sediment discharge coefficient of variation in the mixed catchment area was greater than that in the woodland catchment area, because the sediment control ability from woodland catchment area was much better than mixed catchment area, thus sediment losses was smaller. 3) The single factor variance was 0.01 and 0.001 of runoff and sediment yield on catchment area, and the significance of sediment yield was greater than the production flow.[Conclusions] Sloping land had the direct effect on water and soil loss in the catchment area. Research of catchment area was more conform to changes under natural conditions; it could avoid deviation from the limits of plot runoff because of area. It could be effectively reckoned up the influence of land-use types on water and soil loss by the runoff and sediment. And it can serve as an important basis for soil erosion control measures.
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Received: 12 December 2016
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