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| Ecological effects of the First Water Diversion Hub Station in Kaidu River based on the vegetation index |
| Aikeremu·REHEMAN1, Yusufujiang·RUSULI1,2 |
1. Institute of Geographical Science and Tourism/Laboratory of Information Integration and Eco-Security, Xinjiang Normal University, 830054, Urumqi, China;
2. Xinjiang Normal University, Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, 830054, Urumqi, China |
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Abstract [Background] Human activities including water conservancy projects construction and water diversion affect the regional hydrological process and ecological environment. Water conservancy construction is a double-edged sword, due to coexisting both advantages and disadvantages for environmental security and socio-economic development. The impact of water division on ecological water uses has become the focus of environmental impact assessment for water diversion projects in arid regions. Scientific analysis and precise evaluation of the water conservancy project construction provide an important theoretical basis for the harmonious development of regional water conservancy project and ecological environment. Many water conservancy projects have been built to meet the needs of economic and social development in the Yanqi basin, Xinjiang, China since several decades. The First Water Diversion Hub Station built in 1999 is a most important water conservancy project in Kaidu River, and it leads to change of land cover and alter the underlying surface conditions obviously. In this paper, the ecological effects of the First Water Diversion Hub Station in Kaidu River were carefully studied by the technologies of geographic information system and remote sensing. [Methods] Considering the vegetation situation of study area, the land cover was classified as bare land, sand, cultivated area, wetland and water from Landsat images. In order to eliminate the influence of the soil background on the vegetation index as far as possible, the adjusted soil-vegetation index (SAVI) was used as the vegetation index of the vegetation cover types. The biomass in different land cover types were calculated using SAVI respectively. Then, the impact of water conservancy project construction on the change of vegetation cover and biomass was discussed together with hydrological data encompassed the period between 1974 and 2014. [Results] After The First Water Diversion Hub Station completed,the land use dynamic degree increased (Rt=0.29), the growth of cultivated land and water body were especially obvious. The cultivated land increased approximately 104.9% during 1994 and 2015; at the same time, the bare land decreased about 53.8%. Based on the comparative analysis of water resources utilization efficiency and ecological environment quality before and after the water conservancy project built, the annual ineffective water loss amount decreased about 1.045×108 m3. It is understood that the water conservancy project effectively adjusted the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources in Kaidu River oasis area, and met the human requirements for water resources utilization. After the operation of water conservancy project,the vegetation coverage and biomass of the study area increased, and bare land decreased gradually. [Conclusions] On the one hand, the First Water Diversion Hub Station in Kaidu River improved the water diversion and allocation conditions, the original goal of efficient water resources utilization were achieved. On the other hand, it plays an important role in the ecological environment by increasing the regional vegetation coverage.
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Received: 22 July 2016
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