Abstract:According to the nature of the work, the monitoring of soil and water conservation in China can be divided into four categories as followings: studying monitoring, experimental monitoring, productive monitoring and predictive monitoring. Currently four categories of monitoring are nested within each other and of mutual dependence. Therefore, we must cognize the actuality of the stage development accurately, and analyze the relation between each category dialectically, then keep on the right direction of development. In the future, we should strengthen the study of monitoring theory and experiment, at the same time, enhance the practice and improve the institutional systems and standardize management and reinforce the train of staff. Therefore the development of soil and water conservation monitoring in China can be promoted more scientific, comprehensive and sustainable.