基于LiDAR的黄土丘陵沟壑区道路侵蚀及其影响因素

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.011

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摘要黄土丘陵沟壑区土质道路侵蚀严重，但道路侵蚀形态特征与驱动机制研究不足。以黄土丘陵沟壑区桥沟流域为例，结合无人机激光雷达、摄影测量技术和野外调查等手段，探究主道路侵蚀形态特征，分析道路侵蚀强度（E）与影响因素之间的关系，构建道路侵蚀强度预测模型并予以验证。结果表明：1）自流域上游至出口，各路段坡度与侵蚀沟道比降均显著下降（P<0.05），而沟道宽深比、沟道密度及侵蚀强度变化趋势不显著；2）影响土质道路侵蚀强度的主要影响因子为汇水面积和道路段坡度，道路段长度次之，可见光波段差异植被指数与汇水区坡度影响最小；3）分别以道路段坡度（G_r）、汇水面积（A_c）单因子及G_r与A_c双因子为变量构建土质道路侵蚀强度模型E=0.87A_c+77 759.67（R²=0.60，P<0.01）；道路坡度模型E=8 707.23G_r-49 252.46（R²=0.54，P<0.01）与双因子模型E=-0.56A_c+5 783.06G_r-11 748.78（R²=0.80，P<0.01），利用燕沟流域道路侵蚀监测数据对进行道路段坡度模型精度进行验证，效果较优（R²=0.92，P<0.01）。结果可为黄土高原道路侵蚀预测与防治提供理论依据。

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	李朋飞
	李伟光
	翁学先
	胡晋飞
	高晨迪
	李延成
	高健健
	党恬敏

关键词 ：道路侵蚀, 形态特征, 影响因素, 预测模型, 黄土丘陵沟壑区

Abstract：[Background] Unpaved roads, widespread in the hilly and gully of Loess Plateau, China, have been suffering from severe soil erosion, adversely impacting the traffic and transportation as well as threatening socio-economic development. However, little was known about the spatial development and underlying mechanisms of unpaved road erosion, largely constraining the control of road erosion.[Methods] Using various methods such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) light detection and ranging (LiDAR), UAV photogrammetry and field survey, this study investigated the morphological pattern of unpaved road erosion in a small catchment (Qiaogou) of the hilly and gully Loess Plateau and explored the relationship between road erosion intensity (E) and associated impacting factors. Road erosion models were then established and validated using the field data from another catchment (Yangou catchment) in the hilly and gully Loess Plateau.[Results] 1) The slope gradient of each road segment and gullies decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the ratio of width to depth and density of gullies as well as erosion intensity did not change significantly (P>0.05) from the head to the outlet of the Qiaogou catchment. 2) The major influencing factors of unpaved road erosion were catchment area (R²=0.60, P<0.01) and slope gradient of road segment (R²=0.54, P<0.01), followed by road segment length (R²=0.20, P<0.05), and visible-band difference vegetation index (R²=0.01, P<0.67) and slope gradient of drainage area (R²=0.02, P=0.53) were of the least influence. 3) The road erosion intensity model was constructed based on individual road segment slope (G_r) and drainage area (A_c) factors as well as their combination respectively. The developed models were expressed as E=0.87A_c+77 759.67 (R²=0.60, P<0.01), E=8 707.23G_r-49 252.46 (R²=0.54, P<0.01) and E=-0.56A_c+5 783.06G_r-11 748.78 (R²=0.80, P<0.01). The accuracy of the road segment slope model was verified using the available road erosion measurements in the Yangou catchment to be satisfactory (R²=0.92, P<0.01), demonstrating the applicability of the established models in the hilly and gully Loess Plateau.[Conclusions] The achieved results enhanced current understanding on the processes and mechanisms of unpaved road erosion and provided a useful reference for the prediction and control of road erosion on the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Key words： road erosion morphological characteristics impacting factor prediction model hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau

收稿日期: 2022-04-14

PACS:

P237

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"黄土丘陵沟壑区重力侵蚀时空特征与驱动机制"（41977059）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划"黄土丘陵沟壑区流域沟坡土壤侵蚀特征与影响机制研究"（2022JQ-259）；国家自然科学基金委黄河水科学研究联合基金"黄土高原水土保持措施潜力及其对河流水沙的调控机制"（U2243211）；陕西省教育厅资助项目"黄土区坡沟系统侵蚀过程与机理研究"（22JK0463）

通讯作者: 胡晋飞(1992-),男,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:地貌遥感与水土保持。E-mail:jinfeih@163.com E-mail: jinfeih@163.com

作者简介: 李朋飞(1986-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:地貌遥感与水土保持。E-mail:pengfeili@xust.edu.cn

引用本文:

李朋飞, 李伟光, 翁学先, 胡晋飞, 高晨迪, 李延成, 高健健, 党恬敏. 基于LiDAR的黄土丘陵沟壑区道路侵蚀及其影响因素[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2023, 21(2): 83-92.
LI Pengfei, LI Weiguang, WENG Xuexian, HU Jinfei, GAO Chendi, LI Yancheng, GAO Jianjian, DANG Tianmin. Unpaved road erosion in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau and its impacting factors based on LiDAR. SSWC, 2023, 21(2): 83-92.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.011 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2023/V21/I2/83

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