Effects of long-term tillage on ecological stoichiometric characteristics and enzymatic activities in cold black soil
GUO Yinglan, YUE Zhonghui, SU Xin, LUO Hui, ZHAO Wenlei, LU Man
Key Laboratory of Plant Biology, Colleges and Universities of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, 150025, Harbin, China
Abstract：[Background] Relying on the fertile black soil resources, northeastern China has developed the biggest grain base. The practice of agricultural development has proved that the level of soil fertility and the rational use of fertilizer are the key factors in sustaining grain production. Therefore, there is great practical significance to master the soil nutrient status, fertility level in order to effectively maintain and protect the quality of cultivated land and to ensure grain security in grain production in the black soil area of northeastern China. [Methods] To explore the variation of soil nutrients, ecological stoichiometrics and enzyme activities after long-term cultivation of black soil, 34 research samples were set up in the typical cold land black soil cultivation area. Based on the experiment in 2002, the global positioning system (GPS) was reused to confirm the sample points in 2017. The variability of soil fertility quality and other indicators in the topsoil (0-20 cm) in the northeastern area of China during last 15 years were revealed with completion GPS and statistics. [Results] 1) Compared with results in 2002, the content of soil organic matter(OM), total nitrogen(TN), C:P, N:P, C:N:P decreased significantly and total phosphorus (TP) content increased significantly (P<0.05) in 2017, while it had no significant change in soil C:N. 2) Compared with results in 2002, soil catalase(CAT) activity increased significantly (P<0.05) and the activities of soil invertase(INV), nitrate reductase(NR), urease(URE) and phosphatase(PHO) decreased significantly (P<0.05) in 2017. Meanwhile, it had no significant change in soil total enzyme activity index(ETEI). 3) Compared with results in 2002, the correlation among soil nutrient, ecological stoichiometric characteristics and soil enzyme activities changed a lot in 2017. 4) The principal component analysis of soil nutrient, ecological stoichiometric characteristics and related enzyme activities showed that TP was the main fertility factor in 2002 and 2017, soil C:P, N:P, C:N:P accounted for the main proportion of fertility factors in 2002 and soil OM, URE, INV accounted for the main proportion of fertility factors in 2017. [Conclusions] In conclusion, during the period in 15 years from 2002 to 2017, although the soil C, N content and related enzyme activities were significantly reduced, there was no change in soil carbon and nitrogen balance. It was suggested that the application of organic carbon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer should be increased in the future production, while the application of phosphorus fertilizer should be reduced appropriately to maintain the soil nutrient distribution pattern.
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2021, Vol. 19 
