REMM-based compensation and optimization of widths on the rural riparian zones of plain, Zhejiang province
ZHOU Ziye1, XIA Jihong1, YE Jibing1, DOU Chuanbin1, ZHOU Zhiyue1, LIU Han1, ZHU Zhuo2, WANG Jie3
1. College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, China; 2. Tongxiang Water Conservancy Bureau, 314500, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China; 3. Development Center for Science and Technology of Rural Water Resources of Jiangsu Province, 210029, Nanjing, China
Abstract：[Background] Riparian zones play a key role in removing none-point pollution and improving water quality. It is well known that these functions largely depend on the widths of riparian zones. However, due to farm land-use, building construction, road construction and other reasons, some riparian zones have been occupied in some rural areas. It results in that none-point pollution cannot be intercepted efficiently and water quality could be degraded. [Methods] We investigated 3 rivers in Baimatang village of Tongxiang city, Zhejiang province, where is attributed as flat rural area. After we divided the 3 rivers into 6 reaches (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6) according to the land use patterns and cross-section, the removal rate of total nitrogen in each riparian zone were calculated with Riparian Ecosystem Management Model (REMM). [Results] 1) The removal rate in T6 was the biggest, 76.03%. But in other 5 reaches, the removal rates of total nitrogen were <75%. In practice, lands outside the riparian zones were used as farm field or house field along the 5 reaches, the riparian zones were limited and could not been widened. In order to remedy the width deficits, we set 5 experimental blocks with concrete sector bricks, ecological concrete balls, concrete bricks, Wufeng bricks and ecological bags in reach T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. 2) Experiments showed that the removal rates by the combined measures of vegetation with ecological concrete balls or ecological bags were improved to 76.07%, 79.71% and their remedied widths were 10.34 m and 11.64 m, respectively. However, the removal rates by other three measures were still < 75% and their remedied widths were not obvious. The combined measures of vegetation with ecological concrete balls or ecological bags presented much better nitrogen removal efficiency. Meanwhile, these measures reduced the width deficits of current widths to satisfy the objectives of buffering the water quality. Among the 5 artificial ecological materials, the ecological concrete ball demonstrated the greatest increase in the nitrogen removal rate per unit width, which was 0.751 9%/m, and the compensation width was >10 m, and the width compensation efficiency was the highest, and the effect of width compensation was the best. [Conclusions] In order to further improve the width compensation effect of the riparian zone in the study area, ecological concrete balls can be arranged in the riparian zone to optimize the construction measures of the riparian zone. Additionally, the fitting equations of optimal widths have been presented, it would be helpful to definite the exact width of a riparian zone for river restorations or managements.
夏继红,林俊强,姚莉,等. 河岸带的边缘结构特征与边缘效应[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2010,38(2):215. XIA Jihong, LIN Junqiang, YAO Li, et al. Edge structure and edge-effects of riparian zone [J]. Journal of Hohai University: Natural Sciences, 2010,38(2):215.
[2]
周思思,王冬梅. 河岸缓冲带净污机制及其效果影响因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学, 2014,12(5):114. ZHOU Sisi, WANG Dongmei. The review on purification mechanism and its influencing factors of riparian buffers[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014,12(5):114.
[3]
NOVIANDI T U Z, KASWANTO R L, ARIFIN H S. Riparian landscape management in the midstream of Ciliwung River as supporting water sensitive cities program with priority of productive landscape[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2017, 91(1):12.
[4]
夏继红,鞠蕾,林俊强,等. 河岸带适宜宽度要求与确定方法[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2013,41(3):229. XIA Jihong, JU Lei, LIN Junqiang, et al. Requirements for suitable width of riparian zone and determination methods[J]. Journal of Hohai University: Natural Sciences, 2013,41(3):229.
[5]
FELD C K, FERREIRA M T, HERING D, et al. Evaluating riparian solutions to multiple stressor problems in river ecosystems: A conceptual study[J]. Water Research, 2018(139):381.
[6]
RYU J, CHO J, KIM I J, et al.Technical Note: Enhancement of SWAT-REMM to dimulate reduction of total nitrogen with riparian buffer[J]. Transactions of the Asabe, 2011, 54(5):1791.
[7]
TILAK A S, YOUSSEF M A, BURCHELL II M R, et al. Testing the riparian ecosystem management model (REMM) on a riparian buffer with dilution from deep groundwater[J]. Transactions of the Asabe, 2017,60(2):377.
[8]
ZHANG C, LI S, QI J, et al. Assessing impacts of riparian buffer zones on sediment and nutrient loadings into streams at watershed scale using an integrated REMM-SWAT model[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2017, 31(4):916.
[9]
ZHANG C, LI S, JAMIESON R C, et al. Segment-based assessment of riparian buffers on stream water quality improvement by applying an integrated model[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2017(345):1.
[10]
赵越,张富,陈瑾,等. 安家沟流域不同土地利用方式下地表径流中COD和TN的污染负荷[J].水土保持研究, 2017,24(1):103. ZHAO Yue, ZHANG Fu, CHEN Jin, et al. COD and TN pollution loads in surface runoff under different land uses in Anjiagou Basin[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,24(1):103.
[11]
夏继红,周子晔,汪颖俊,等. 河长制中的河流岸线规划与管理[J].水资源保护, 2017,33(5):38. XIA Jihong, ZHOU Ziye, WANG Yingjun, et al. Planning and management for riparian lines in river chief system[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2017,33(5):38.
[12]
WILLIAMS C O, LOWRANCE R, POTTER T, et al. Atrazine transport within a coastal zone in southeastern Puerto Rico: A sensitivity analysis of an agricultural field model and riparian zone management model[J]. Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 2016,21(6):751.
[13]
LIU Y, YANG W, WANG X. GIS-Based Integration of SWAT and REMM for estimating water quality benefits of riparian buffers in agricultural watersheds[J]. Transactions of the Asabe, 2007,50(5):1549.
[14]
YUAN Y, BINGNER R, WILLIAMS R, et al. Integration of the models of annagnps and REMM to assess riparian buffer system for sediment reduction[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2007,22(1):60.
[15]
赵鹏,胡艳芳,林峻宇. 不同河岸带修复策略对氮磷非点源污染的净化作用[J].中国环境科学, 2015,35(7):2160. ZHAO Peng, HU Yanfang, LIN Junyu. Reduction rate of nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution under buffer restoring strategies[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(7):2160.
[16]
孟亦奇, 吴永波, 朱颖,等. 利用河岸缓冲带去除径流水中氮的研究[J].湿地科学, 2016, 14(4):532. MENG Yiqi, WU Yongbo, ZHU Ying, et al. The study on removing nitrogen in runoff water by riparian buffer strips[J]. Wetland Science, 2016, 14(4):532.
[17]
张云, 陈航, 华玉妹,等. 河岸带对地表径流截污的小试模拟以及不同基质处理表渗流能力的比较[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1):68. ZHANG Yun, CHEN Hang, HUA Yumei, et al. Simulation of intercepting pollution of lab-scale riparian strips for surface runoff and comparison of purification abilities of different substrates for surface runoff and seepage[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(1):68.
[18]
王万忠,饶磊,王沛芳,等. 河流护岸多孔生态材料对水体中硝态氮去除试验[J].水资源保护, 2018,34(1):58. WANG Wanzhong, RAO Lei, WANG Peifang, et al. Experiment of porous ecological material of river revetment on removal of nitrate nitrogen in water[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2018,34(1):58.
2020, Vol. 18 
