Abstract：[Background] Red soil hilly region in southern China is the area of serious soil erosion second only to the Loess Plateau. The presence of gravel in soil affects the hydrological cycle. Most of the existing studies mainly focus on gravel cover and soil erosion, while the effects of rainfall intensity and slope on soil erosion in different gravel forms are seldom studied.[Methods] In order to study the difference of erosion characteristics of red soil slope with different gravel forms, the erosion processes of red soil slope with no gravel (gravel content 0%), 5% gravel-mulching and 5% gravel-embedded red soil slope were studied under 2 rainfall intensities (60 mm/h and 120 mm/h) and 4 slope gradients (10°, 15°, 20° and 25°), based on the indoor artificial rainfall simulation and combined with rainfall and slope characteristics in the upper reaches of Cao'e River of Zhejiang province. Characteristics such as the rainfall runoff generation time, runoff rate, runoff generation process, and sediment yield intensity were compared.[Results] 1) The runoff generation time of 4 slope gradients decreased with rainfall intensity increasing. The total runoff and the amount of sediment yield increased with rainfall intensity increasing. 2) The runoff rate of 4 slope gradients of no gravel and 5% gravel-mulching slopes was approximate when the rainfall intensity was 120 mm/h. Compared with other 3 slope gradients, the runoff rate of 5% gravel-embedded slopes with slope 10° was much lower. 3) With 2 rainfall intensities and 4 slope gradients, the total runoff and the amount of sediment yield of 5% gravel-mulching and 5% gravel-embedded slopes were lower than those of the no gravel slopes. 4) For all slopes, the maximum of sediment yield intensity was found with the slope gradient 25°. When the rainfall intensity was 120 mm/h, the peak value of sediment yield intensity appeared in 25 minutes; and when the rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h, the peak value of sediment yield intensity appeared in 35 minutes.[Conclusions] Gravel-mulching soils are more effective than gravel-embedded soils in inhibiting the formation of surface soil rills, increasing the roughness of rills and reducing the runoff rate of rills under rainfall intensities 120 mm/h. This study provides basic data for quantifying soil and water processes on heterogeneous soil slopes, prediction of soil erosion and application of hydrological models on slopes.
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WANG Hui, LU Debao, HUANG Dongjing, SHAN Chengju. On the erosion characteristics of red soil slope with different gravel existence forms. SSWC, 2019, 17(4): 49-58.
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2019, Vol. 17 
