黄土丘陵区油松、沙棘人工林土壤呼吸动态及其对土壤温度和水分的响应

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.01.005

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摘要作为陆地生态系统碳通量的重要组成部分，土壤呼吸在维持全球碳循环及碳平衡中具有重要作用。以黄土丘陵区油松、沙棘人工林为研究对象，于2015年6月至2016年5月，采用LI-8100土壤碳通量测量系统，分别观测二者的土壤呼吸（R_s）、5 cm土壤温度（T）和水分（W），分析2种人工林R_s的动态特征及其对T和W的响应。结果表明：1）季节尺度油松、沙棘人工林R_s夏季（6—8月）最高（2.31和2.89 μmolCO₂/m²·s），冬季（12—2月）最低（0.60和0.65 μmolCO₂/m²·s），年均值分别为1.51和1.92 μmolCO₂/m²·s，年呼吸总量分别为18.90和22.81 tCO₂/hm²·a，冬季呼吸量占年呼吸总量比例分别为14.67%和12.65%；日尺度最高值出现在10：00—16：00，最低值均出现在6：00。2）季节尺度2种林分R_s与T均呈显著指数关系（P<0.01），与W则呈显著线性负相关（P<0.01），且沙棘林全年尺度土壤呼吸Q₁₀值（1.40）显著高于油松林（1.34，P<0.01）。3）日尺度上，油松、沙棘人工林W分别大于13%和12%时，T对R_s的解释量（R²）均有所提高。因此，在充分考虑温度和水分对土壤呼吸影响的同时，加强冬季土壤呼吸的观测，对未来气候变化条件下，区域碳循环估算模型的完善具有重要意义。

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	谢育利
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关键词 ：黄土丘陵区, 人工林, 土壤呼吸, 土壤温度, 土壤水分

Abstract：[Background] As an essential component of the carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems, soil respiration plays a critical role in maintaining global carbon cycling and the carbon balance. Exploring the process of soil respiration and its influencing factors is conducive to understanding ecosystem carbon emissions and regulation mechanisms. [Methods] In order to analyze the dynamic characteristics of soil respiration rate (R_s) and its response to the main environmental factors in the dominant plantations in the hilly Loess Plateau region, the R_s of Pinus tabulaeformis and Hippophae rhamnoides plantations were measured using a LI-8100 soil carbon flux measurement system from June 2015 to May 2016. Soil temperature (T) and soil water content (W) were simultaneously monitored. At seasonal and daily scales, there were significant differences in R_s and significant effects of T and W on Rs in the two plantations. In addition, temperature sensitivities of R_s were investigated using the Q₁₀ function at the seasonal scale. [Results] 1) The seasonal dynamic patterns of R_s in P. tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides plantations were similar, with the respective maxima (2.31 and 2.89 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) in summer (June-August) and minima (0.60 and 0.65 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1) in winter (December-February); the annual mean R_s in the plantations was 1.36 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1 (P. tabulaeformis) and 1.64 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1(H. rhamnoides), with corresponding annual total R_s emissions of 18.90 and 22.81 tCO₂·hm^-2·a^-1. The R_s emission during winter accounted for 14.67% and 12.65% of the annual total emission in P. tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides, respectively. In addition, the R_s maxima of P. tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides appeared during 10:00-16:00, and the minima at 06:00 in the diurnal dynamic. 2) At the seasonal scale, at 5 cm depth, R_s was significantly exponentially related with T and negatively linearly related with W (both P<0.01) in the two plantations. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of Rs in H. rhamnoides (Q₁₀=1.40) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that in the P. tabulaeformis plantation (Q₁₀=1.34). 3). At the daily scale, the contribution of T to R_s increased when W exceeded 13% and 12% for P. tabulaeformis and H. rhamnoides, respectively. [Conculsions] The results indicate that the response of R_s to T is mainly affected by W in this region. Therefore, to ensure accuracy of the carbon balance budget and improve the regional carbon cycle model for the loess hilly region under conditions of climate change, we should fully consider the effects of T and W on R_s and strengthen observations of soil respiration in winter in future research.

Key words： loess hilly region plantation soil respiration soil temperature soil water content

收稿日期: 2016-06-29

PACS:

S718.5

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"黄土丘陵区油松和沙棘人工林的水分来源变化及其生理响应研究"（41501576）；公益性行业（国家气象局）科研专项（重大专项）"干时气象科学研究——我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理"（GYHY2015060013）

通讯作者: 陈云明(1967—),男,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:黄土高原植被与水土保持。E-mail: ymchen@ms.iswc.ac.cn E-mail: ymchen@ms.iswc.ac.cn

作者简介: 谢育利(1989—),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:人工林土壤呼吸。E-mail: 1406599313@qq.com

引用本文:

谢育利¹, 陈云明^1,2, 唐亚坤², 吴旭¹, 温杰³. 黄土丘陵区油松、沙棘人工林土壤呼吸动态及其对土壤温度和水分的响应[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(1): 33-42.
XIE Yuli, CHEN Yunming, TANG Yakun, WU Xu, WEN Jie. Soil respiration dynamics and its response to soil temperature and water content of Pinus tabulaeformis and Hippophae rhamnoides plantations in the Loess Hilly region. SSWC, 2017, 15(1): 33-42.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.01.005 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2017/V15/I1/33

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