青海高寒地区典型针叶林的降雨分配特征及Gash修正模型的应用

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2021.05.007

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摘要为了揭示高寒地区典型针叶林的降雨分配特征以及Gash修正模型在同一立地条件下不同林分类型的适用性，并为林分的水源涵养功能评价提供科学依据，以充分发挥林分的水土保持能力。于2019年5月15日-8月15日在青海省大通县闇门滩流域高位浅山阴缓斜坡分别选取华北落叶松（Larix principis-rupprechtii）纯林和青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）纯林样地各1块，实测其穿透雨量、树干茎流量和冠层截留量，并同步监测林外降雨量及常规气象因子，应用修正后的Gash模型对2种林分样地的冠层截留量进行模拟，并进行误差验证。结果表明：1）观测期内，林外总降雨量为255.83 mm，华北落叶松的冠层截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量分别占总降雨量的25.79%、74.06%和0.15%；青海云杉的冠层截留量、穿透雨量和树干茎流量分别占总降雨量的27.78%、71.03%和1.195%。2）Gash修正模型对华北落叶松和青海云杉冠层截留量的模拟结果分别占总降雨量的23.07%和23.98%，相对误差分别为10.55%和13.64%，模拟值均小于实测值，模拟效果比较合理。3）Gash修正模型中各项参数的敏感性排序为S > E > R > c > S_t > P_t。综上所述，Gash修正模型能够较好地模拟该地区华北落叶松和青海云杉的冠层截留，可以为该地区林分的水源涵养功能综合评价提供科学理论指导。

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	左亚凡
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	李远航

关键词 ：华北落叶松, 青海云杉, 冠层截留, Gash修正模型, 敏感性分析

Abstract：[Background] In this study, the revised Gash model was used to simulate the interception process of two typical coniferous forests (Larix principis-rupprechtii and Picea crassifolia) in the alpine region of Qinghai province in order to understand the precipitation distribution of different forest stands on the same site. Concurrently, it can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of water conservation function of stand, so as to maintain the stability of stand, and give full play to the function of water and soil conservation as well as water conservation of stand.[Methods] From May 15th to August 15th, 2019, we selected two plots of L. principis-rupprechtii(the forest density of 1 700 trees/hm², canopy density 0.62)and P. crassifolia(the forest density of 3 125 trees/hm², canopy density 0.62)on the high and shallow slopes of the Anmentan watershed in Datong county, Qinghai province. We measured their throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception. And we simultaneously monitored conventional meteorological factors such as rainfall outside the forest, solar radiation intensity, wind speed, air relative humidity, and atmospheric temperature. Finally, we used the revised Gash model to simulate the canopy interception of two forest stands and performed an error analysis.[Results] 1) Under the same site conditions, the canopy interception of P. crassifolia was higher than that of L. principis-rupprechti. 2) The simulated canopy interceptions of L. principis-rupprechtii and P. crassifolia by the revised Gash model were 59.02 mm and 61.36 mm respectively, accounting for 23.07% and 23.98% of the total rainfall. And their relative errors were 10.55% and 13.64% respectively. The simulated values of the two stands were less than the measured values. 3)The sensitivity ranking of each parameter in the revised Gash model was canopy saturated water capacity (S) > average evaporation intensity (E) > average precipitation intensity (R) > canopy density (c) > trunk storage capacity (S_t) > drainage partitioning coefficient (P_t). Except for R that had a negative effect on the results, the other parameters had a positive effect on the simulation results of the interception.[Conculsions] The revised Gash model can better simulate the canopy interception of L. principis-rupprechtii and P. crassifolia. The canopy saturated water-holding capacity is a key factor affecting the simulation effect of the model. This model may provide theoretical guidance for the evaluation of forest stand water conservation function in this area.

Key words： Larix principis-rupprechtii Picea crassifolia canopy interception revised Gash model sensitivity analysis

收稿日期: 2020-07-28

PACS:

S715.2

基金资助:青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划"基于水源涵养功能保障的森林健康综合评价体系构建"（2020-SF-144-1）

通讯作者: 贺康宁(1962-),男,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:水土保持,林业生态工程。E-mail:hkn@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: hkn@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 左亚凡(1997-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:水土保持,林业生态工程。E-mail:zuoyafan@yeah.net

引用本文:

左亚凡, 贺康宁, 王帅军, 俞国峰, 柴世秀, 李远航. 青海高寒地区典型针叶林的降雨分配特征及Gash修正模型的应用[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(5): 53-62.
ZUO Yafan, HE Kangning, WANG Shuaijun, YU Guofeng, CHAI Shixiu, LI Yuanhang. Rainfall distribution characteristics of typical coniferous species in the alpine region of Qinghai and the application of revised Gash model. SSWC, 2021, 19(5): 53-62.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2021.05.007 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2021/V19/I5/53

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