1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 2. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, 015200, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia, China
Abstract：[Background] Sand control by plant is the most ideal measure to control soil erosion. However, because afforestation conditions cannot be satisfied in arid and semi-arid areas, it is particularly important to study the windbreak and sand resistance benefits of some sparse vegetation and individual shrub. Scholars at home and abroad have conducted many studies on the effect of plant cover and overall arrangement on wind and sand resistance benefits, providing a large number of effective methods and data to measure the community's sand resistance ability. However, studies on the effect of individual vegetation morphological characteristics on wind and sand resistance of plants are lacking. [Methods] In response to this problem, this experiment was through the field observation to select the 4 typical individual shrubs surrounding the Ulan Buh Desert, Nitraria tangutorum, Calligonum mongolicum, Hedysarum mongolicum and Haloxylon ammodendron, the morphological indexes such as height, crown width, crown length, height under branch, branching number and porosity of an individual shrub were counted and combined with wind tunnel experiments, the effects of individual shrub in growing season on wind velocity flow field, sediment transport rate and surface erosion characteristics were studied, compared for selecting the shrub species with the best protect effect. [Results] 1) Compared with the 4 individual shrub in the growing season, N. tangutorum with low morphology and low porosity had a more significant wind-proof and sand-fixation effect than other shrubs, with an average reduction of 24.83% for wind speed and an average sand resistance benefit of 56.03%. And it had the greatest range of protection. 2) As the height under branch increased, airflow disturbance to sand surface after the shrubs presented an obvious increasing trend. Shrubs with high height under the branches led to the "channeling" in the flow field space formed near the surface, which will accelerate the wind erosion of the surface. [Conclusions] The wind and sand resistance benefits of 4 shrubs were compared. We can choose N. tangutorum or H. ammodendron for windproof. We should choose N. tangutorum for preventing sand. Considering both, we must choose N. tangutorum. In addition, in the future vegetation construction, we should not only consider individual plant and shrubs, but also pay attention to the group protection mechanism of shrub forest belt to prevent the occurrence of "channeling", thus it can play a better effect of wind and sand resistance. The results may provide reference for the construction of wind-proof sand fixation system in sand area.
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2021, Vol. 19 
